Adrenergic Innervation of the Urinary Bladder Body in the Cat with Special Reference to Structure of the Detrusor Muscle: An Immunohistochemical Study of Noradrenaline and Its Synthesizing Enzymes.

Wakabayashi, Yoshihiko; Makiura, Yaeko; Tomoyoshi, T; Kitahama, Kunio; Geffard, M.; Maeda, Toshihiro

doi:10.1679/aohc.57.277

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In western blot this antibody specifically labels a single band at 62 kDa (manufacturer's datasheet). In the bladder, this antibody produced a similar pattern of immunoreactivity as reported previously (Wakabayashi et al, 1994;Llewellyn-Smith and Gnanamanickam, 2010).…”

Section: Antibody Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In addition to the vasculature, sympathetic axons also innervate the detrusor (Wakabayashi et al, 1993(Wakabayashi et al, , 1994Warburton and Santer, 1994), therefore we investigated if GFRa3-IR was expressed in this population of noradrenergic axons. In contrast to the dense noradrenergic innervation of the vasculature, TH-IR axons were sparse in the detrusor and primarily confined to the bladder base ( Fig.…”

Section: Detrusormentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of axons expressing the artemin receptor in the female rat urinary bladder: A comparison with other major neuronal populations

Forrest

Osborne

Keast

2014

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Artemin is a member of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family that has been strongly implicated in development and regeneration of autonomic nerves, and modulation of nociception. Whereas other members of this family (GDNF and neurturin) primarily target parasympathetic and non-peptidergic sensory neurons, the artemin receptor (GFRα3) is expressed by sympathetic and peptidergic sensory neurons that are also the primary sites of action of nerve growth factor, a powerful modulator of bladder nerves. Many bladder sensory neurons express GFRα3 but it is not known if they represent a specific functional subclass. Therefore, our initial aim was to map the distribution of GFRα3-immunoreactive (-IR) axons in the female rat bladder, using cryostat sections and whole wall thickness preparations. We found that GFRα3-IR axons innervated the detrusor, vasculature and urothelium, but only part of this innervation was sensory. Many noradrenergic sympathetic axons innervating the vasculature were GFRα3-IR, but the noradrenergic innervation of the detrusor was GFRα3-negative. We also identified a prominent source of non-neuronal GFRα3-IR that is likely to be glial. Further characterisation of bladder nerves revealed specific structural features of chemically distinct classes of axon terminals, and a major autonomic source of axons labelled with neurofilament-200, which is commonly used to identify myelinated sensory axons within organs. Intramural neurons were also characterised and quantified. Together, these studies reveal a diverse range of potential targets by which artemin could influence bladder function, nerve regeneration and pain, and provide a strong micro-anatomical framework for understanding bladder physiology and pathophysiology.

show abstract

Section: Antibody Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Detrusormentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of axons expressing the artemin receptor in the female rat urinary bladder: A comparison with other major neuronal populations

Forrest

Osborne

Keast

2014

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As mentioned, this divergence is most probably a consequence of a difference in the allocation of the FB injection sites employed in the experiments. Notably, Wakabayashi et al ( 1994 ) have found that adrenergic nerve fibres richly supply not only the bladder base, but also the bladder body (which was not injected with a tracer by Pidsudko 2014 ). The other possible explanation might be related to sex-dependent variations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in chemical coding of sympathetic chain ganglia (SChG) neurons supplying porcine urinary bladder after botulinum toxin (BTX) treatment

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Botulinum toxin (BTX) is a neurotoxin used in medicine as an effective drug in experimental therapy of neurogenic urinary bladder disorders. We have investigated the influence of BTX on the chemical coding of sympathetic chain ganglia (SChG) neurons supplying the porcine urinary bladder. The toxin was injected into the wall of the bladder. SChG neurons were visualized by a retrograde tracing method with fluorescent tracer fast blue (FB) and their chemical coding was investigated by double-labelling immunohistochemistry with antibodies against dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH; a marker of noradrenergic neurons), neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin (SOM), galanin (GAL), Leu5-enkephalin (L-ENK) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). In both the control (n = 5) and BTX-treated pigs (n = 5), the vast majority (91 ± 2.3 % and 89.8 ± 2.5 %, respectively) of FB-positive (FB+) nerve cells were DβH+. BTX injections caused a decrease in the number of FB+/DβH+ neurons that were immunopositive to NPY (39.5 ± 4.5 % vs 74.5 ± 11.9 %), VIP (8.9 ± 5.3 % vs 22.3 ± 8.8 %), SOM (5.8 ± 2.3 % vs 17.4 ± 3.7 %) or GAL (0.9 ± 1.2 % vs 5.4 ± 4.4 %) and a distinct increase in the number of FB+/DβH+ neurons that were immunoreactive to L-ENK (3.7 ± 2.9 % vs 1.1 % ± 0.8 %) or nNOS (7.7 ± 3.5 % vs 0.8 ± 0.6 %). Our study provides novel evidence that the therapeutic effects of BTX on the mammalian urinary bladder are partly mediated by SChG neurons.

show abstract

“…Despite a lack of gross structural organization, regions of functional organization were reported in the cat bladder wall. Examination of the distribution of noradrenaline and noradrenaline‐synthesizing enzymes showed a higher density of these markers in the outer muscle layer than in the inner, regardless of the orientation of the muscle bundles [17]. This organization into functional inner and outer muscle bundles also appears to be present in the guinea pig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

cGMP‐generating cells in the bladder wall: identification of distinct networks of interstitial cells

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE To identify cells which might contribute to the complex physiological responses of the guinea‐pig bladder, and specifically to describe the distribution and types of cell in the bladder wall of the guinea pig which respond to nitric oxide (NO) with an increase in intracellular cGMP, i.e. putative interstitial cells (ICs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The whole bladder was removed from 11 male guinea pigs killed by cervical dislocation. Sections of the bladder wall, from the dome lateral wall and base, were isolated and incubated separately in Krebs’ solution at 36 °C, gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2, and containing 1 mmol/L of the nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutyl‐methyl‐xanthene. Individual pieces of tissue were then exposed to 100 µmol/L of the NO donor NONOate for 10 min; control tissues remained in Krebs’ solution. Tissues were then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and processed for immunohistochemistry. cGMP and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) were subsequently visualized using appropriate primary and secondary antibodies. RESULTS Cells responding to NO with an increase in cGMP were detected in the dome, lateral wall and base, with positive cells in the thin outer surface of the wall (muscle coat), associated with muscle bundles in an outer layer of muscle, and in a region immediately beneath the urothelium. These cells (not urothelium, smooth muscle or vascular) are described as interstitial cells. Superficial urothelial umbrella cells were apparent and were strongly cGMP‐positive. A high density of interstitial cells was associated with muscle bundles on the outer aspects of the wall, while few cells were detected on inner bundles. Thus there appeared to be two distinct types of muscle, inner and outer, with no obvious orientation of the fibres in each layer. Both muscle groups contained fibres expressing nNOS. In the outer muscle layer most of these fibres co‐localized with cGMP, suggesting that different populations of nerves innervate each layer. There were more nNOS‐positive fibres in the base of the bladder than in the dome. Three populations of cGMP‐positive interstitial cells were associated with the outer muscle layer; cells in the outer surface (muscle coat interstitial cells, MC‐ICs), cells on the surface of the bundles (superficial, SM‐ICs) and cells within the muscle bundles (intramuscular, IM‐ICs). The IM‐ICs form a network in close apposition to the smooth muscle cells while the SM‐ICs may connect adjacent muscle bundles and connect to the MC‐ICs. Thus, there is a network linking potentially the muscle cells in the outer muscle bundles. cGMP‐positive cells were also detected in the suburothelial layer (suburothelial, SU‐ICs) which had a different structure to the cells associated with muscle, had a oval cell bodies with bifurcating processes and appeared to form a complex network; they were prevalent in the base and virtually absent in the dome. CONCLUSIONS There are structures within the bladder wall that can be identified and categorized by the ability of the constituent cells to in...

show abstract

Adrenergic Innervation of the Urinary Bladder Body in the Cat with Special Reference to Structure of the Detrusor Muscle: An Immunohistochemical Study of Noradrenaline and Its Synthesizing Enzymes.

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Characterization of axons expressing the artemin receptor in the female rat urinary bladder: A comparison with other major neuronal populations

Characterization of axons expressing the artemin receptor in the female rat urinary bladder: A comparison with other major neuronal populations

Changes in chemical coding of sympathetic chain ganglia (SChG) neurons supplying porcine urinary bladder after botulinum toxin (BTX) treatment

cGMP‐generating cells in the bladder wall: identification of distinct networks of interstitial cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About