Adrenergic mechanisms in rabbit olfactory bulb

Salmoiraghi, G. C.; Bloom, Floyd E.; Costa, E.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1964.207.6.1417

Cited by 84 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Thus, our observations on the cellular action of NA in the AOB were unexpected. However, other studies have shown an inhibitory action of NA in the MOB (Salmoiraghi et al, 1964;McLennan, 1971;Perez et al, 1987;Mouly et al, 1995;Okutani et al, 1998). In particular, the in vivo studies in cat of McLennan (1971) showed that the inhibitory action of NA was sensitive to bicuculline, indicating that they were mediated by increase of GABAergic transmission, as is the case in our studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Adrenergic Enhancement of Inhibitory Transmission in the Accessory Olfactory Bulb

Araneda¹,

Firestein²

2006

J. Neurosci.

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Noradrenergic modulation of dendrodendritic synapses between the mitral and granule cells in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is postulated to play a key role in the formation of memory in olfactory-mediated behaviors. Current models propose that noradrenaline (NA) increases excitation of mitral/tufted cells (M/TCs) by decreasing the release of GABA from granule cells. However, surprisingly little is known about the actions of NA at the cellular level in the AOB. Here, in recordings from AOB slices, we show that NA decreases the firing frequency of M/TCs in response to stimulation. This effect is attributable to an increase in the GABA inhibitory input to M/TCs. Application of NA (10 M) produced an ϳ20-fold increase in the frequency of GABA-induced miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) without changing their amplitude. A pharmacological analysis indicated that the increase in mIPSCs frequency results from activation of ␣1 adrenergic receptors. In addition to increasing the mIPSC frequency, NA also potentiated GABA inhibitory currents induced by direct stimulation of granule cells. Together, our results suggest that NA increases the release of GABA from granule cells by acting on presynaptic receptors. Thus, the role of the noradrenergic activity in the AOB may be opposite than suggested previously: we find that the overall effect of NA in the AOB is inhibition of M/TCs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Adrenergic Enhancement of Inhibitory Transmission in the Accessory Olfactory Bulb

Araneda¹,

Firestein²

2006

J. Neurosci.

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“…Most centrifugal fibers from higher brain centers project to GABA-containing granule cells and not to the mitral cells themselves, providing a direct means of GABAergic inhibition of mitral cell activity. For example, Dahlstrom et al [177] demonstrated that norepinephrine-containing centrifugal fibers synapse primarily within the granule cell layer, and Salmoiraghi et al [178] found electrophoretically applied norepinephrine decreases the firing of mitral cells. Nicholl [179] has described the depression of mitral cell activity by locally applied GABA and the antagonism both of this action and of the lateral tract inhibition of mitral cells by intravenous administration of picrotoxin.…”

Section: Discussion: Causal Mechanisms Producing Sex Differences and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences and reproductive hormone influences on human odor perception

Doty

Cameron

2009

Physiology & Behavior

403

292

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The question of whether men and women differ in their ability to smell has been the topic of scientific investigation for over a hundred years. Although conflicting findings abound, most studies suggest that, for at least some odorants, women outperform men on tests of odor detection, identification, discrimination, and memory. Most functional imaging and electrophysiological studies similarly imply that, when sex differences are present, they favor women. In this review we examine what is known about sex-related alterations in human smell function, including influences of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, gonadectomy, and hormone replacement therapy on a range of olfactory measures. We conclude that the relationship between reproductive hormones and human olfactory function is complex and that simple associations between circulating levels of gonadal hormones and measures of olfactory function are rarely present.

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“…Similar to acetylcholine, several studies have reported a variety of neuronal effects with the bulb in response to noradrenergic stimulation. For example, early in vivo studies using rabbits demonstrated a suppression of mitral spontaneous activity when NE agonists were applied near the cell Salmoiraghi et al 1964;McLennan 1971). It was concluded that the main effect of NE was to enhance granule cell inhibition onto mitral cells.…”

Section: Ne Action In the Olfactory Bulbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of olfactory learning: Critical role of centrifugal neuromodulation

Fletcher¹,

Chen²

2010

Learn. Mem.

100

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The mammalian olfactory system is well established for its remarkable capability of undergoing experience-dependent plasticity. Although this process involves changes at multiple stages throughout the central olfactory pathway, even the early stages of processing, such as the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex, can display a high degree of plasticity. As in other sensory systems, this plasticity can be controlled by centrifugal inputs from brain regions known to be involved in attention and learning processes. Specifically, both the bulb and cortex receive heavy inputs from cholinergic, noradrenergic, and serotonergic modulatory systems. These neuromodulators are shown to have profound effects on both odor processing and odor memory by acting on both inhibitory local interneurons and output neurons in both regions.For most mammals, olfaction plays an important role in many aspects of life, such as mate attraction and recognition, motherinfant attachment, navigation, as well as detection of predators. Not surprisingly, mammals, especially rodents, have demonstrated an exceptional capability to quickly learn, remember, and discriminate odors. Past research has shown that the early stages of olfactory processing display a remarkable degree of plasticity and can play a significant role in olfactory learning. One striking feature of this system is the surprisingly large amount of centrifugal influence on odor processing in the early olfactory pathways. Both the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex receive input from multiple neuromodulatory regions releasing acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. These neuromodulators are known to play a major role in learning-related events such as changes in arousal, attention to novel or salient stimuli, and emotional states such as stress or fear. Similar to other sensory systems, both physiological and behavioral experiments have shown that these neuromodulators can have profound effects on odor processing as well as olfactory learning and memory. Here, we focus on learning-induced plasticity in the early olfactory pathways and the role that centrifugal neuromodulation plays in facilitating this process.

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Adrenergic mechanisms in rabbit olfactory bulb

Cited by 84 publications

References 1 publication

Adrenergic Enhancement of Inhibitory Transmission in the Accessory Olfactory Bulb

Adrenergic Enhancement of Inhibitory Transmission in the Accessory Olfactory Bulb

Sex differences and reproductive hormone influences on human odor perception

Neural correlates of olfactory learning: Critical role of centrifugal neuromodulation

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