Adrenergic Stimulation of Taurine Transport by the Heart

Huxtable, Ryan J.; Chubb, James M.

doi:10.1126/science.198879

Cited by 76 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In spite of these high taurine concentrations, virtually no taurine biosynthesis is performed in the heart, illustrating the existence of a very strong taurine transporter uptake system in the heart [16,84]. Furthermore, taurine seems to be involved in Na…”

Section: Taurine and The Heartmentioning

confidence: 95%

The role of taurine in diabetes and the development of diabetic complications

Hansen

2001

Diabetes Metabolism Res

243

157

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The ubiquitously found beta-amino acid taurine has several physiological functions, e.g. in bile acid formation, as an osmolyte by cell volume regulation, in the heart, in the retina, in the formation of N-chlorotaurine by reaction with hypochlorous acid in leucocytes, and possibly for intracellular scavenging of carbonyl groups. Some animals, such as the cat and the C57BL/6 mouse, have disturbances in taurine homeostasis. The C57BL/6 mouse strain is widely used in diabetic and atherosclerotic animal models. In diabetes, the high extracellular levels of glucose disturb the cellular osmoregulation and sorbitol is formed intracellularly due to the intracellular polyol pathway, which is suspected to be one of the key processes in the development of diabetic late complications and associated cellular dysfunctions. Intracellular accumulation of sorbitol is most likely to cause depletion of other intracellular compounds including osmolytes such as myo-inositol and taurine. When considering the clinical complications in diabetes, several links can be established between altered taurine metabolism and the development of cellular dysfunctions in diabetes which cause the clinical complications observed in diabetes, e.g. retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, platelet aggregation, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Possible therapeutic perspectives could be a supplementation with taurine and other osmolytes and low-molecular compounds, perhaps in a combinational therapy with aldose reductase inhibitors.

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Section: Taurine and The Heartmentioning

confidence: 95%

The role of taurine in diabetes and the development of diabetic complications

Hansen

2001

Diabetes Metabolism Res

243

157

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“…The transporter for TAU has not been isolated, but must be energy-dependent due to the extremely high heart:serum ratio (200:1) of TAU. Stimulation of P-adrenergic receptors will trigger this influx, and has been used as a model for congestive heart disease [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Plasma Taurine in Aged Rats

Wallace¹,

Dawson²

1990

Gerontology

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Taurine (TAU) is thought to be a neuromodulator or an inhibitory neurotrans-mitter in the mammalian brain. In the periphery, TAU is involved in a wide spectrum of physiological functions. One of the most important putative physiological function of TAU is the modulation of cardiovascular activity including blood pressure control. TAU also appears to be important for the development of an organism, especially early central nervous system development. Regional TAU content was measured in brains of adult (6-month) and aged (23- to 26-month) Fischer-344 (F-344) male rats. To assess the putative neurotransmit-ter role of TAU, release due to potassium depolarization was studied using slices from frontal cortex of F-344 rats. Circulating levels of TAU were also determined in male F-344 rats (6 and 24 months of age) and female Long-Evans rats (LE, 6 and 30 months old). We found no age-related change in TAU stores from the brain regions examined, nor did we find any indication of TAU release due to potassium depolarization in the release paradigm utilized. There was, however, a significant reduction (28 and 42%) in plasma TAU concentration in F-344 and LE rats, respectively. This age-related reduction in plasma TAU may have important consequences both peripherally and centrally with respect to regulation of blood pressure, cardiovascular function, and cardioprotection, as well as possible CNS complications.

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“…27 This increase in cardiac taurine has been shown to derive from influx of exogenous taurine into the heart rather than from cardiac biosynthesis. 28 ' M Taurine transport into the heart is stimulated by /3-adrenergic agonists and by other conditions that increase cellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels. 30 Therefore, the increased SNS activity may be responsible for the increased taurine content in the hearts of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.…”

Section: Figure 2 Effects Of Taurine Supplementation On Cardiac and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sympathetic nervous system in hypotensive action of taurine in DOCA-salt rats.

Sato¹,

Ando²,

Fujita³

1987

Hypertension

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SUMMARY We tested the hypothesis that the antihypertensive effects of dietary taurine supplementation in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats may be attributed to the suppression of sympathetic nervous system activity. In uninephrectomized rats treated with DOCA while receiving 1 % NaCl solution for 2 weeks, systolic blood pressure was significantly increased as compared with that in control rats treated with vehicle suspension and tap water. Sympathetic nervous system activity was assessed by tissue norepinephrine turnover, which was determined from the rate of decline of tissue norepinephrine concentration after the administration of a-methyl-p-tyrosine, a potent inhibitor of the rate-limiting step of catecholamine synthesis. Cardiac and splenic norepinephrine turnover during either normal conditions or cold exposure (4°C, 8 hours) were markedly increased in DOCAsalt rats as compared with controi rats. Also, DOCA-salt rats had increased depressor response to hexamethoniom bromide, a ganglion blocker. In contrast, supplementation of 1 % taurine in DOCAsalt rats attenuated the development of the hypertension associated with the normalization of both the Increased depressor response to ganglionic blockade and the accelerated cardiac and splenic norepinephrine turnover during either normal conditions or cold exposure. Taurine supplementation in control rats, however, had no effect on blood pressure or norepinephrine turnover during cold exposure. These results suggest that taurine supplementation suppresses sympathetic overactivity in DOCA-salt rats, thus leading to inhibition of the development of hypertension. (Hypertension 9: 81-87, 1987) KEY WORDS • taurine • deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension • norepinephrine turnover • cold exposure • sympathetic nervous system T AURINE (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is abundantly present in the brain, heart, and muscle of mammals, 1 but its possible function in normal or disease states has not been clearly defined. Taurine supplementation in the stroke-prone strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats reportedly attenuates die development of the hypertension 2 ; however, the mechanism for the antihypertensive action of taurine is unknown.Our previous study 3 demonstrated that dietary taurine supplementation in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats could not only attenuate the development of the hypertension but also reduce blood pres- Received January 29, 1986, accepted July 22, 1986 sure when taurine was given after DOCA-salt hypertension had been established. There is a good deal of evidence that increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity is involved in the development of DOCA-salt hypertension in rats. 4 " 7 The norepinephrine (NE) turnover rate, an indirect in vivo means of quantifying the activity of SNS, 8 is increased in most peripheral sympathetically innervated organs of DOCA-salt rats, such as the heart, spleen, and intestine.4 -3 Moreover, it has been reported that in vitro addition of taurine significantly attenuates the Ca 2+ -...

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Adrenergic Stimulation of Taurine Transport by the Heart

Cited by 76 publications

References 9 publications

The role of taurine in diabetes and the development of diabetic complications

The role of taurine in diabetes and the development of diabetic complications

Decreased Plasma Taurine in Aged Rats

Role of sympathetic nervous system in hypotensive action of taurine in DOCA-salt rats.

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