Adrenocortical activity in healthy children is associated with fat mass

Dimitriou, Triantafillia; Maser-Gluth, Christiane; Remer, Thomas

doi:10.1093/ajcn/77.3.731

Cited by 70 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…51 In the present study, we compared 11b-HSD1 and leptin expression levels in SC and OM between female and male subjects both in children and adults and did not find any significant differences between genders. There was no significant change in 11b-HSD1 expression with age (o6 years of age vs X6 years of age), when girls and boys were analyzed separately.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Depot-specific messenger RNA expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and leptin in adipose tissue of children and adults

Lindquist

Chen

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

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Objective: To compare expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for the cortisol regenerating enzyme 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11b-HSD1), and the adipocytokines leptin and resistin in paired biopsies of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SC) and omental adipose tissue (OM) from children. Design: Paired biopsies (SC and OM) were obtained from 54 children (age 0.17-16 years, body mass index (BMI) 12.5-28.3 kg/m 2 , BMI standard deviation score (SDS) À2.5-4.5) and 16 adults (age 27-79 years, BMI 19-46 kg/m 2 ) undergoing open abdominal surgery. mRNA levels of 11b-HSD1, leptin and resistin were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: 11b-HSD1 mRNA level was higher in OM than in SC (Po0.05), whereas leptin mRNA was higher in SC than in OM (Po0.001). There was no difference in the resistin mRNA level between SC and OM. These results were consistent in children and adults. In children, 11b-HSD1 mRNA in SC was positively associated with BMI SDS (Po0.05), whereas in OM it was positively associated with age (Po0.05). The association between 11b-HSD1 expression and age remained significant after adjustment for BMI SDS and gender. Leptin mRNA was positively associated with BMI SDS (SC: Po0.001, OM: Po0.001) but not with age in children. In multiple regression analyses, including anthropometric variables and age, BMI SDS was independently associated with mRNA levels of 11b-HSD1 (Po0.05) and leptin (Po0.001) in SC. When normal weight and overweight children were analyzed separately, 11b-HSD1 mRNA levels were positively associated with leptin in OM in the overweight group (Po0.05). Conclusion: There are depot-specific differences in mRNA levels of 11b-HSD1 and leptin in children and adults. The positive association of 11b-HSD1 mRNA in OM with age may reflect a causal role in visceral fat accumulation during growth. Increasing 11b-HSD1 and leptin mRNA in SC with increasing BMI SDS could suggest that the risk of metabolic consequences of obesity may be established early in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Depot-specific messenger RNA expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and leptin in adipose tissue of children and adults

Lindquist

Chen

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

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“…Recently, Dimitriou et al (35) reported in pre-pubertal and pubertal healthy children with normal BMI a strong correlation between age and the sum of urinary cortisol tetrahydro metabolites (THECTHFCaTHF). In their study, the (THFC5a-THF)/THE ratio decreased with age into puberty in healthy girls and boys with a normal BMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in obese boys

Wiegand

Richardt²,

Wudy³

et al. 2007

eur j endocrinol

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Objective: The incidence of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions. Glucocorticoid excess causes central obesity and diabetes mellitus as seen in Cushing's syndrome. The 11b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11b-HSD1) regenerates active cortisol from inactive cortisone. Altered 11b-HSD1 may cause tissue-specific Cushing's syndrome with central obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis. Design, patients, and methods: Clinical and laboratory characteristics, and anthropometric measurements were determined in 15 male and 6 female obese pubertal children (aged 12-18 years, Tanner stages 2-5). In addition, analyses of 24-h excretion rates of glucocorticoids were also performed in 21 age-, sex-, and pubertal stage-matched non-obese children using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. Results: 11b-HSD1 activity (urinary tetrahydrocortisol (THF)C5a-THF/tetrahydrocortisone (THE) ratio) was lower in obese when compared with non-obese boys. In addition, obese children had a higher total cortisol metabolite excretion than non-obese children. 11b-HSD1 activity was significantly related to age in lean and obese children. Standard deviation score (SDS)-body mass index did not correlate with 11b-HSD1 activity, or with total cortisol metabolite excretion within each group. In obese children, 11b-HSD1 activity and total cortisol metabolite excretion showed no correlation to waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass (percentage of body mass), or the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest that 11b-HSD1 activity increases with age, and is reduced in obese boys. In addition, obese children have a higher total cortisol metabolites excretion suggesting a stimulated hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.

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“…18 Although the relationships between stress-related cortisol secretion and markers of the metabolic syndrome have been demonstrated in adults, [21][22][23][24][25] little evidence is available in children. 26 Likewise, few studies have examined the relationship between physical activity and stress-related variables (ie, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, etc) in children and adolescents. In general, an inverse relationship has been demonstrated between physical activity and stress-related measures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Physical Activity, Stress, and Metabolic Risk Score in 8- to 18-Year-Old Boys

Holmes¹,

Eisenmann²,

Ekkekakis³

et al. 2008

Journal of Physical Activity and Health

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Background:We examined whether physical activity modifies the relationship between stress and the metabolic risk score in 8-to 18-year-old males (n = 37). Methods: Physical activity (PA) and television (TV)/videogame (VG) use were assessed via accelerometer and questionnaire, respectively. Stress was determined from self-report measures. A metabolic risk score (MRS) was created by summing age-standardized residuals for waist circumference, mean arterial pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Results: Correlations between PA and MRS were low (r < -.13), and TV and VG were moderately associated with MRS (r = .39 and .43, respectively). Correlations between stress-related variables and MRS ranged from r = .19 to .64. After partitioning by PA, significant correlations were observed in the low PA group between school-and sports-related self-esteem and anxiety with the MRS. Conclusions:The results provide suggestive evidence that PA might modify the relationship between stress and MRS in male adolescents.

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Adrenocortical activity in healthy children is associated with fat mass

Cited by 70 publications

References 30 publications

Depot-specific messenger RNA expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and leptin in adipose tissue of children and adults

Depot-specific messenger RNA expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and leptin in adipose tissue of children and adults

Reduced 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in obese boys

Physical Activity, Stress, and Metabolic Risk Score in 8- to 18-Year-Old Boys

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