Adrenocortical endocrine disruption

Harvey, Philip W.

doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.10.009

Cited by 66 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The adrenals are a common target organ between stress and xenobiotic exposure models (14,15,90). Milovanović et al (91) reported that a single instance of exposure to ethanol at 4 g/kg raised the diameter of adrenal cortex in female rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Environmental Pollutant Tributyltin Chloride Disrupts the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis at Different Levels in Female Rats

et al. 2016

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Tributyltin chloride (TBT) is an environmental contaminant that is used as a biocide in antifouling paints. TBT has been shown to induce endocrine-disrupting effects. However, studies evaluating the effects of TBT on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are especially rare. The current study demonstrates that exposure to TBT is critically responsible for the improper function of the mammalian HPA axis as well as the development of abnormal morphophysiology in the pituitary and adrenal glands. Female rats were treated with TBT, and their HPA axis morphophysiology was assessed. High CRH and low ACTH expression and high plasma corticosterone levels were detected in TBT rats. In addition, TBT leads to an increased in the inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression in the hypothalamus of TBT rats. Morphophysiological abnormalities, including increases in inflammation, a disrupted cellular redox balance, apoptosis, and collagen deposition in the pituitary and adrenal glands, were observed in TBT rats. Increases in adiposity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ protein expression in the adrenal gland were observed in TBT rats. Together, these data provide in vivo evidence that TBT leads to functional dissociation between CRH, ACTH, and costicosterone, which could be associated an inflammation and increased of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in hypothalamus. Thus, TBT exerts toxic effects at different levels on the HPA axis function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rosol et al (14) and Harvey (15) reported that environment factors, especially the presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), can alter HPA axis function. EDCs can affect the modulation of HPA axis, increase the levels of CYP family enzymes, and alter the capacity for the uptake and storage of lipophilic agents (14 -16).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Environmental Pollutant Tributyltin Chloride Disrupts the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis at Different Levels in Female Rats

et al. 2016

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“…Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol predominantly in the adrenal glands and gonads [1]. Dysfunction of these organs often cause deficiency in steroidogenesis, whereas patients suffer from painful and sometimes life-threatening conditions in the absence of hormone replacement [2][3][4][5][6]. Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) well-established for treatment of these patients, the HRT is required throughout their life with the increased incidence of serious side effects.…”

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confidence: 99%

Induction of steroidogenic cells from adult stem cells and pluripotent stem cells [Review]

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Steroid hormones are mainly produced in adrenal glands and gonads. Because steroid hormones play vital roles in various physiological processes, replacement of deficient steroid hormones by hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is necessary for patients with adrenal and gonadal failure. In addition to HRT, tissue regeneration using stem cells is predicted to provide novel therapy. Among various stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated into steroidogenic cells following ectopic expression of nuclear receptor (NR) 5A subfamily proteins, steroidogenic factor-1 (also known as adrenal 4 binding protein) and liver receptor homolog-1, with the aid of cAMP signaling. Conversely, these approaches cannot be applied to pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, because of poor survival following cytotoxic expression of NR5A subfamily proteins. However, if pluripotent stem cells are first differentiated through mesenchymal lineage, they can also be differentiated into steroidogenic cells via NR5A subfamily protein expression. This approach offers a potential suitable cells for future regenerative medicine and gene therapy for diseases caused by steroidogenesis deficiencies. It represents a powerful tool to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in steroidogenesis. This article highlights our own and current research on the induction of steroidogenic cells from various stem cells. We also discuss the future direction of their clinical application.Key words: Steroid hormone, Steroidogenic factor-1/adrenal 4 binding protein, Liver receptor homolog-1, Stem cells, Transcription STEROID hormones play essential roles in various physiological processes, such as glucose metabolism, stress response, fluid and electrolyte balance, sex differentiation, reproduction and sexual behavior. Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol predominantly in the adrenal glands and gonads [1]. Dysfunction of these organs often cause deficiency in steroidogenesis, whereas patients suffer from painful and sometimes life-threatening conditions in the absence of hormone replacement [2][3][4][5][6]. Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) well-established for treatment of these patients, the HRT is required throughout their life with the increased incidence of serious side effects. It is hoped that stem cell-based regenerative medicine will provide novel therapies for resolving these issues. Stem cell-derived steroidogenic cells could restore the normal function of intrinsic organs following their transplantation. Consequently, induction of steroidogenic cells from stem cells represents an essential first-step in achieving this therapeutic goal. In addition, stem cell-derived steroidogenic cells provide a powerful tool to study the development and function of steroidogenic cells, because they reflect the intrinsic cell's developmental processes and characteristics. In this article, we describe our research and that of other groups for the induction of steroidogenic c...

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“…In contrast, comparatively little effort has been directed towards investigating the modulation of non-reproductive endocrine processes by anthropogenic chemicals (Bergman et al 2013;Hinson and Raven 2006). The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axis (HPA/I axis; stress axis) has received little attention in this context (Harvey 2016;Pottinger 2003). Chemical interference with the normal function of the stress axis in wild fish, and vertebrates in general, is of concern for several reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the stress response in wild fish is associated with variation in dissolved nitrate and nitrite

Pottinger

2017

Environmental Pollution

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Article (refereed) -postprintPottinger, Tom G. 2017. Modulation of the stress response in wild fish is associated with variation in dissolved nitrate and nitrite.Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. respectively. These data suggest that either (i) inorganic N is a better surrogate than wastewater effluent concentration for an unknown factor or factors affecting stress axis function in fish, or (ii) dissolved inorganic N directly exerts a disruptive influence on the function of the neuroendocrine stress axis in fish, supporting concerns that nitrate is an endocrine-modulating chemical. KeywordsStickleback, stress axis, cortisol, endocrine disruption, nitrate CapsuleEvidence is presented that the function of the neuroendocrine stress axis in three-spined sticklebacks may be modulated by dissolved inorganic N concentrations, supporting concerns that nitrate might act as an endocrine disruptor in aquatic wildlife.3

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Adrenocortical endocrine disruption

Cited by 66 publications

References 44 publications

The Environmental Pollutant Tributyltin Chloride Disrupts the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis at Different Levels in Female Rats

The Environmental Pollutant Tributyltin Chloride Disrupts the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis at Different Levels in Female Rats

Induction of steroidogenic cells from adult stem cells and pluripotent stem cells [Review]

Modulation of the stress response in wild fish is associated with variation in dissolved nitrate and nitrite

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