Adrenocortical hormones and avoidance behaviour of rats

Bohus, B.; Lissák, K

doi:10.1016/0028-3908(68)90012-9

Cited by 97 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Similarly, previous reports suggest that prereactivation and post-reactivation glucocorticoids may play a role in the treatment of PTSD and phobia (Aerni et al, 2004;Soravia et al, 2006). Furthermore, extinction may be modulated by glucocorticoids in other forms of memory (Bohus and Lissak, 1968;Micheau et al, 1982;Barrett and Gonzalez-Lima, 2004;Moreira et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2006) Similar to previous findings (de Quervain et al, 1998;Roozendaal et al, 2004), we demonstrated that glucocorticoids block fear memory retrieval in a contextual fear-conditioning paradigm. We extended this finding by demonstrating that glucocorticoids given before a single-trial retrieval do not significantly affect the long-term stability of the underlying memory trace, nor do they affect control behaviors that might interfere with measures of memory retrieval.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Another interpretation is that corticosterone is augmenting consolidation of contextual fear memory extinction, an effect observed in studies of other forms of memory (Bohus and Lissak, 1968;Micheau et al, 1982;Barrett and Gonzalez-Lima, 2004;Moreira et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2006). One-trial extinction of contextual fear conditioning would be exceptional and does not occur under our control conditions (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

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Postreactivation Glucocorticoids Impair Recall of Established Fear Memory

Cai¹,

Blundell²,

Han³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

224

148

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Postreactivation Glucocorticoids Impair Recall of Established Fear Memory

Cai¹,

Blundell²,

Han³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

224

148

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“…Our findings in two distinct types of phobias indicate that the administration of low-dose glucocorticoids reduced phobic fear. Furthermore, and consistent with findings of animal experiments (34,35), repeated administration of glucocorticoids induced a progressive reduction of fear ratings and, thus, might have facilitated the extinction of phobic fear. Although we did not further examine this issue here, such a putative extinction effect may have resulted from the inhibitory effect of cortisol on the retrieval of fear memory, as subjects learn that the phobic stimulus becomes less fearful under elevated glucocorticoid levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Glucocorticoids reduce phobic fear in humans

Soravia

Heinrichs

Aerni

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

331

245

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Phobias are characterized by excessive fear, cued by the presence or anticipation of a fearful situation. Whereas it is well established that glucocorticoids are released in fearful situations, it is not known whether these hormones, in turn, modulate perceived fear. As extensive evidence indicates that elevated glucocorticoid levels impair the retrieval of emotionally arousing information, they might also inhibit retrieval of fear memory associated with phobia and, thereby, reduce phobic fear. Here, we investigated whether acutely administrated glucocorticoids reduced phobic fear in two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in 40 subjects with social phobia and 20 subjects with spider phobia. In the social phobia study, cortisone (25 mg) administered orally 1 h before a socioevaluative stressor significantly reduced self-reported fear during the anticipation, exposure, and recovery phase of the stressor. Moreover, the stress-induced release of cortisol in placebo-treated subjects correlated negatively with fear ratings, suggesting that endogenously released cortisol in the context of a phobic situation buffers fear symptoms. In the spider phobia study, repeated oral administration of cortisol (10 mg), but not placebo, 1 h before exposure to a spider photograph induced a progressive reduction of stimulus-induced fear. This effect was maintained when subjects were exposed to the stimulus again 2 days after the last cortisol administration, suggesting that cortisol may also have facilitated the extinction of phobic fear. Cortisol treatment did not reduce general, phobia-unrelated anxiety. In conclusion, the present findings in two distinct types of phobias indicate that glucocorticoid administration reduces phobic fear.cortisol ͉ memory ͉ cortisone ͉ extinction

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“…With respect to behavioral measures, it ha s be en demonstrated that administration of pituitary-adrenal hormones may have effects quite similar to those observed following lesions in the limbic system . Both hippocampal lesions and treatment with ACTH produce increased resistance to extinction of an avoidance response (Acldl, Mellgren, Halgren, & Frommer, 1969;Miller & Ogawa, 1962) and increased i ntertrial avoidance responding on a shuttlebox avoidance task (Ackil et ai, 1969;Bohus & Lissak, 1968). On the basis of such parallel effects, Antelman and Brown (1972) have hypothesized that much of the "abnormal" fear-motivated behavior of hippocampectomized rats can be attributed to increased levels of ACTH brought on by such lesions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kamin effect in hippocampal-lesioned animals

1975

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Ventral hippocampal and sham-operated rats were given one-way active-avoidance training follo\le d by relearning either 5 min, 1 h, or 24 h later. Both ventral hippocampal and sham-operated rats showed deficits in active-avoidance relearning performance 1 h after original avoidance acquisition. The failure of ventral hippocampal lesions to influence avoidance performance 1 h following original avoidance acquisition may indicate that neither the adrenal-pituitary nor the adrenergic-cholinergic systems are essential for the occurrence of the Kamin effect.

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Adrenocortical hormones and avoidance behaviour of rats

Cited by 97 publications

References 9 publications

Postreactivation Glucocorticoids Impair Recall of Established Fear Memory

Postreactivation Glucocorticoids Impair Recall of Established Fear Memory

Glucocorticoids reduce phobic fear in humans

The Kamin effect in hippocampal-lesioned animals

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