“…Many studies have shown that the boundary-layer diffusion is the rate controlling step in systems characterized by dilute concentrations of adsorbate, poor mixing, and small particle size of adsorbent. Whereas the intraparticle diffusion controls the rate of adsorption in systems characterized by high concentrations of adsorbate, good mixing, and big particle size of adsorbent [26,27]. Also, it has been noticed in many systems that boundary-layer diffusion (external mass transfer) is dominant at the beginning of adsorption during the initial adsorbate uptake, then gradually the adsorption rate becomes controlled by intraparticle diffusion after the adsorbent's external surface is loaded with the adsorbate [25][26][27].…”