Adsorption and Detection of Hazardous Trace Gases by Metal–Organic Frameworks

Abstract

The quest for advanced designer adsorbents for air filtration and monitoring hazardous trace gases has recently been more and more driven by the need to ensure clean air in indoor, outdoor, and industrial environments. How to increase safety with regard to personal protection in the event of hazardous gas exposure is a critical question for an ever-growing population spending most of their lifetime indoors, but is also crucial for the chemical industry in order to protect future generations of employees from potential hazards. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are already quite advanced and promising in terms of capacity and specific affinity to overcome limitations of current adsorbent materials for trace and toxic gas adsorption. Due to their advantageous features (e.g., high specific surface area, catalytic activity, tailorable pore sizes, structural diversity, and range of chemical and physical properties), MOFs offer a high potential as adsorbents for air filtration and monitoring of hazardous trace gases. Three advanced topics are considered here, in applying MOFs for selective adsorption: (i) toxic gas adsorption toward filtration for respiratory protection as well as indoor and cabin air, (ii) enrichment of hazardous gases using MOFs, and (iii) MOFs as sensors for toxic trace gases and explosives.

Hydrophobic Metal–Organic Frameworks: Assessment, Construction, and Diverse Applications

“…Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), also called porous coordination polymers (PCPs), are a class of porous materials commonly obtained by the facile hydrothermal or solvothermal reactions of metal ions and bridging organic ligands at relatively low temperatures . In the past two decades, extensive research has been devoted to developing new MOFs and to exploring their application potential in many fields, such as gas storage, separation, catalysis, sensing, and biomedicine . Early on, a handful of MOFs was found to show a low affinity toward water and a permanent porosity, and this class of hydrophobic MOFs later received increasing attention due to their potential for use in practical adsorption and separation processes, even under humid conditions or in water.…”

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as gas storage, [31][32][33][34][35] separation, [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] catalysis, [49][50][51][52] sensing, [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] and biomedicine. [62][63][64] Early on, a handful of MOFs was found to show a low affinity toward water and a permanent porosity, and this class of hydrophobic MOFs later received increasing attention due to their potential for use in practical adsorption and separation processes, even under humid conditions or in water.

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Recent Progress in the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water Using Metal‐Organic Frameworks

“…[17,[31][32][33] The infinite combinations of metal nodes and organic linkers can yield new frameworks having diverse constructions along with fascinating properties, such as heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis, [34] drug delivery, [35] energy storage, [36] gas storage, [37] sensing, [38][39][40][41] and adsorption [42] and detection of hazardous materials. [43][44][45] Among the reported adsorbents, MOFs are considered as one of the most encouraging materials for removal of the HMIs, due to their high design capability, large surface areas, optimal chemical as well as physical properties, high porosity and intelligent architecture. [46] This review shows an organized elaboration of the HMIs removal properties on pristine, preand post-modified MOFs and their composites.…”

3D‐Superstructured Networks Comprising Fe‐MIL‐88A Metal‐Organic Frameworks Under Mechanochemical Conditions

“…The high surface areas and tunable porous networks of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) or porous coordination polymers (PCPs)–formed via coordination bonds between metal ions and organic ligands, –allow these materials to be widely applied in energy storage, separation, biomedical, catalytic and toxic gas detection applications. In the MOF research for the application as hydrogen storage or gas adsorption, the crystal size and morphologies of MOFs is not critical issues, These days, synthesizing higher‐ordered hierarchical MOF superstructures comprising MOF particles have received a wealth of interdependent research because functionality can be enhanced by controlling only the physical form without compositional changes .…”

“…The high surface areas and tunable porous networks of metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) or porous coordination polymers (PCPs)-formed via coordination bonds between metal ions and organic ligands [1,2] -allow these materials to be widely applied in energy storage, [3] separation, [4] biomedical, [5] catalytic [6] and toxic gas detection [7] applications. In the MOF research for the application as hydrogen storage or gas adsorption, the crystal size and morphologies of MOFs is not critical issues.…”