Adsorption and Ion Exchange: Basic Principles and Their Application in Food Processing

Abstract

A comprehensive overview of adsorption and ion exchange technology applied for food and nutraceutical production purposes is given in the present paper. Emanating from these fields of application, the main adsorbent and ion-exchange resin materials, their historical development, industrial production, and the main parameters characterizing these sorbents are covered. Furthermore, adsorption and ion exchange processes are detailed, also providing profound insights into kinetics, thermodynamics, and equilibrium model assumptions. In addition, the most important industrial adsorber and ion exchange processes making use of vessels and columns are summarized. Finally, an extensive overview of selected industrial applications of these technologies is provided, which is divided into general applications, food production applications, and the recovery of valuable bio- and technofunctional compounds from the byproducts of plant food processing, which may be used as natural food additives or for their potential health-beneficial effects in functional or enriched foods and nutraceuticals.

Resin Adsorption and Ion Exchange to Recover and Fractionate Polyphenols

“…However, thorough investigations were performed in the 19 th century, probably without knowledge of the underlying physical phenomena. As in the case of adsorption, ion exchange technology proceeded very rapidly with the development of modern synthetic resins with well-designed characteristics, which replaced natural mineral ion exchangers, such as clay, glauconite, humic acid, and zeolite, followed by synthetic inorganic exchanger materials, which were produced at the beginning of the 20 th century (Dorfner, 1970;Helfferich, 1995;Inglezakis and Poulopoulos, 2006;Kammerer et al, 2011a;Zaganiaris, 2011;Zagorodni, 2007).…”

“…In addition, crosslinking of polymeric styrene chains may also be realized after their formation, e.g., through chloromethylation of the aromatic bodies, which allows methylene bridge formation. Such polymers may be obtained either in gel type form, in macroreticular form, or as hypercrosslinked resins, all of them significantly differing in their properties and application areas (Belfer and Golzman, 1979;Davankov and Tsyurupa, 1990;Kammerer et al, 2011a;Odian, 2004;Zaganiaris, 2011).…”

“…They may comprise bed processes with fixed-bed reactors, batch processes in agitated reactors, and moving-bed processes performed in reactors with moving solid phase. These process types have been reviewed elsewhere (Kammerer et al, 2011a;Soto et al, 2011).…”

“…This also covers wastewater treatment, which is becoming of increasing interest to reduce the organic loads of industrial effluents accruing in huge amounts. In addition, numerous biotechnological processes have been described making use of resin-based technologies for the enrichment and purification of valuable components, such as polyphenols, which may then be used in enriched foods, beverages, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals (Kammerer et al, 2011a;Soto et al, 2011).…”

Modeling of Ni2+ exchange on the strong acid ion-exchange resin and the organic-inorganic ion exchanger

“…Наряду с обратным осмосом, ионный обмен тради ционно используется при решении широкого спектра практических задач, таких, например, как обессоливание воды [1], в частности, морской [1, 2], извлечение из сточных вод ценных и токсичных ионных компонен тов [3,4], очистка жидких пищевых продуктов [5], ISSN 2226-3780 концентрирование ионов для последующего аналитиче ского определения [6] и многих других. Для расчетов процессов в ионообменных колонках обычно использу ют громоздкие модели, предполагающие использование таких параметров как коэффициенты диффузии ионов в растворе и ионите, обменная емкость последнего, коэф фициенты селективности, размер частиц ионита и высота слоя, скорость раствора [7][8][9].…”