Adsorption and Release of Growth Factors from Four Different Porcine-Derived Collagen Matrices

Abstract

Xenogeneic acellular collagen matrices represent a safe alternative to autologous soft tissue transplants in periodontology and implant dentistry. Here, we aimed to investigate the adsorption and release of growth factors from four porcine-derived collagen matrices using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Non-crosslinked collagen matrix (NCM), crosslinked collagen matrix (CCM), dried acellular dermal matrix (DADM), and hydrated acellular dermal matrix (HADM) adsorbed each of the following growth factors, TGF-β1, FGF-2, PDGF-BB, GDF-5 and BMP-2, with an efficiency close to 100%. Growth factor release for a 13-day period was in the range of 10–50% of the adsorbed protein, except for the BMP-2 release that was in the range of 5–7%. Generally, protein release occurred in two phases. Phase I was arbitrary defined by the highest release from the matrices, usually within 24 h. Phase II, spanning the period immediately after the peak release until day 13, corresponded to the delayed release of the growth factors from the deeper layers of the matrices. HADM showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher TGF-β1, FGF-2, and PDGF-BB release in phase II, compared to the rest of the matrices. NCM exhibited significantly (P < 0.001) higher FGF-2 release in phase II, compared to CCM and DADM as well as a characteristic second peak in PDGF-BB release towards the middle of the tested period. In contrast to NCM and HADM, CCM and DADM showed a gradual and significantly higher release of GDF-5 in the second phase. Several burst releases of BMP-2 were characteristic for all matrices. The efficient adsorption and sustained protein release in the first 13 days, and the kinetics seen for HADM, with a burst release within hours and high amount of released growth factor within a secondary phase, may be beneficial for the long-term tissue regeneration following reconstructive periodontal surgery.

Histomorphometric Comparison between Two Types of Acellular Dermal Matrix Grafts: A Mini Pig Animal Model Study

“…A study has been performed with biofunctionalization of mADMG along with autologous platelet concentrates like platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and it was observed that there was an increased growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor or VEGF), transforming growth factor-β [(TGF-β)] release and improved angiogenic potential after 7 days when compared to only PRF [ 46 ]. A similar functionalization pilot study on ADMGs with growth factors [fibroblast growth factor or FGF-2), TGF-β1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2)] showed significant promise with improved adsorption and release of the growth factors [ 47 ]. Future clinical trials on the application of ADMGs along with platelet concentrates or growth factors in periodontal plastic surgical procedures are warranted.…”

Induced Periosteum-Mimicking Membrane with Cell Barrier and Multipotential Stromal Cell (MSC) Homing Functionalities

“…Parity between PCL3%-E and Mucograft ® , a commercially available collagen membrane used in oral soft tissue regeneration, was shown for the absorption and release of commercially available PL (a standardised and consistent product). A recent evaluation of Mucograft has shown a gradual, but high early release of protein within the first six hours [ 44 ]. Importantly for future clinical translation, the release of PL from PCL3%-E into the surrounding media also supports cellular attachment and proliferation of nearby MSCs [ 45 ].…”

A Novel Volume-Stable Collagen Matrix Induces Changes in the Behavior of Primary Human Oral Fibroblasts, Periodontal Ligament, and Endothelial Cells

“…In agreement with the inherited ability of collagen to bind a number of proteins [ 7 ], we recently showed that the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5), or the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) can be adsorbed to commercially available porcine-derived collagen matrices with an efficiency close to 100%, and are then continuously released over time [ 8 ]. Furthermore, the four investigated collagen scaffolds have provided a favorable environment able to successfully promote the migration, adhesion, and proliferation of two oral cell types, namely primary human oral fibroblasts (hOF) and periodontal ligament cells (hPDLC) [ 9 ].…”