“…This is possible only for flatly adsorbed and isolated or at most partially overlapping molecules. Such an orientation is virtually universal for phthalocyanines, porphyrins and corroles adsorbed on a vast variety of substrates including metallic [71][72][73][74], semi-conducting [75], and non-conductive [76] materials, but most of all on graphitic surfaces [77][78][79][80][81][82], where strong attractive dispersion interactions exist between the delocalized π-electron clouds of the adsorbates and the surface. Due to the flat orientation of the (hydrophobic) adsorbed catalytic molecules on the hydrophobic surface, neither the surface hydrophobicity nor its morphology is significantly affected by the adsorption.…”