Adsorption damage of hydroxypropyl guar gum to porous media composed of quartz

Ultrastable N2/Water Foams Stabilized by Dilute Nanoparticles and a Surfactant at High Salinity and High Pressure

“…To further investigate the microscopic structure of bubbles, the foam samples were treated by liquid nitrogen at a temperature of −90 °C under high vacuum so that the bubble structure could be maintained. Then, cryo-SEM images of the foams were taken by using a Quanta 450 scanning electron microscope (Quanta 450, FEI Company, USA) …”

“…Although guar gum, xanthan gum, and synthetic polymers can lead to long half-life of foams due to a highly viscous continuous phase, they can cause formation damage by blocking pores. 3 Viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) with a high elastic modulus in water or brine have been proposed recently to improve the aqueous viscosity of foams, for example, in the case of C 16 − 18 N(CH 3 )C 3 N(CH 3 ) 2 4 by forming entangled wormlike micelles. 5 The low foam lamella drainage rate maintains viscous and thick lamellae to resist coalescence and retard the Ostwald ripening rate.…”

“…Aqueous foams are of great interest in various applications in the oil and gas industry including drilling, hydraulic fracturing, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and diversion acidizing as well as in materials synthesis, CO 2 sequestration, environmental remediation, foods, personal care products, and fire retardants. , However, foam stability is often limited under harsh subsurface reservoir conditions including moderately high temperature, high pressure, and high salinity, requiring the design and development of various types of stabilizers. Although guar gum, xanthan gum, and synthetic polymers can lead to long half-life of foams due to a highly viscous continuous phase, they can cause formation damage by blocking pores . Viscoelastic surfactants (VESs) with a high elastic modulus in water or brine have been proposed recently to improve the aqueous viscosity of foams, for example, in the case of C 16 – 18 N­(CH 3 )­C 3 N­(CH 3 ) 2 by forming entangled wormlike micelles .…”

“…Then, cryo-SEM images of the foams were taken by using a Quanta 450 scanning electron microscope (Quanta 450, FEI Company, USA). 3 The apparent viscosity of foams under 208 bar in a bead-pack with 22 D was measured using the flow system reported previously. 33 An ISCO syringe pump was used to pump the liquid and gas phases to the bead pack (foam generator).…”

Multifunctional Borax Cross-Linked Hydroxypropyl Guar Gum Hydrogels with Crop Nutritional Function as Carriers for Dual-Responsive Acaricide Release

“…Various natural polysaccharides have been used for the development of hydrogels. , Guar gum is a natural polysaccharide with the advantages of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and biorenewability. , As a type of nonionic polysaccharide and derivative of guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG, Figure a) is a natural macromolecular hydrocolloid and thickener, which is grafted on the galactose chain by a hydroxypropyl group. , Notably, it is inexpensive, nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable, and readily soluble in water, forming a high-viscosity solution even at low concentrations . Due to the numerous hydroxyl groups, HPG hydrogels can be easily formed by chemical cross-linking using cross-linkers (such as borax) or hydrogen bonding. , Borax (BO) is widely known as an important and effective cross-linking agent, which can easily induce hydrogel formation by reacting with up to hydroxyl groups of substances .…”