Adsorption of 1,1,2‐Trichloroethane from River Water

Narbaitz, Roberto; Benedek, Andrew

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1994)120:6(1400)

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Natural organic matter (NOM), which is present in all natural water sources, is the most prevalent organic chemical group in surface waters entering water treatment plants. The adsorption of NOM tends to reduce the adsorption of target contaminants by up to 70% owing to the strong competitive adsorption interaction [15]. The NOM adsorption often controls the regeneration frequency even though the primary purpose in applying the activated carbon may be to remove trace organic compounds [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical regeneration of granular activated carbons loaded with phenol and natural organic matter

Narbaitz

Karimi-Jashni

2009

Environmental Technology

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The main objective of this study was to assess the performance of electrochemical regeneration of granular activated carbon via a set of bench-scale experiments using different operating conditions in the regeneration of several different activated carbons loaded with phenol or natural organic matter. The regeneration efficiency can be increased by increasing the charge applied, whether this was achieved by an increase in current or regeneration time. The degree of phenol-adsorption saturation did not significantly affect the regeneration efficiencies. The regeneration efficiencies of the various types of phenol-loaded activated carbon were quite similar despite the differences in their conductivity. The activated carbon exhibiting fully reversible adsorption of phenol had slightly higher regeneration efficiencies than those involving partially irreversible adsorption. Electrochemical regeneration of activated carbon is feasible at a laboratory scale as regeneration efficiencies up to 80% were achieved during electrochemical regeneration of phenol-loaded or natural organic matter-loaded activated carbons.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical regeneration of granular activated carbons loaded with phenol and natural organic matter

Narbaitz

Karimi-Jashni

2009

Environmental Technology

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“…The presence of DOM in water has been found to significantly reduce the performance and capacity of GAC adsorbers for target SOCs ( − ). The reduction in GAC efficiency may be caused by several factors ( − ): (1) DOM is generally present in natural waters at much higher concentrations than target pollutants; (2) DOM may compete with pollutants by several mechanisms, including direct competition for adsorption sites and pore blockage, and (3) DOM does not desorb readily because of its high molecular weight and ability to bind at multiple sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Granular Activated Carbon Surface Chemistry on the Adsorption of Organic Compounds. 2. Natural Organic Matter

Karanfil¹,

Kitiş²,

Kilduff³

et al. 1999

Environ. Sci. Technol.

131

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The role of granular activated carbon (GAC) surface chemistry on the adsorption of four model dissolved organic material (DOM) isolates and four surface water natural organic material (NOM) samples was investigated by using () ten carbons prepared by modifying the surfaces of a coal-based and a wood-based carbon and () seven different as-received GACs. Because changes in the pore structure resulting from surface treatment were small, while changes in the surface chemistry were significant, the impact on the DOM and NOM uptake by surface-treated carbons was systematically linked to the changes in the carbon surface chemistry alone. For the surface-treated coal-based carbons, there was () no significant capacity difference between acid-washed and heat-treated carbon samples, () oxidation of the carbon surface significantly decreased the uptake, and () the capacity was partially restored by subsequent heat treatment of the oxidized surfaces. A decreasing uptake with increasing surface acidity was evident, and the effects of surface acidity on uptake were qualitatively similar to the two SOCs studied in Part 1 of this series. The experiments with as-received coal-based carbons exhibited the same behavior; however, the reactivity of modified and as-received carbons for DOM and NOM uptake was significantly different. For the wood-based carbon, the impact of surface treatment on adsorption of DOMs and NOM was surprisingly minimal or absent. This finding was in contrast to the effects of surface acidity on uptake of the two SOCs studied in Part 1 in this series. Overall, the reactivity of carbon surfaces to DOM and NOM uptake depended on the raw material type, activation conditions and surface treatment.

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“…It has been shown in many cases that the fouling or "preloading" phenomena can significantly reduce both the equilibrium capacity of GAC for SOCs (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) and the rate of SOC adsorption (5,(10)(11)(12). An accurate description of the effects of NOM competition on SOC adsorption equilibria is required to develop dynamic models, which have application to process design and analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many cases, such models have accurately described SOC adsorption from solutions containing NOM. However, a large number of fitting parameters, which may lack physical significance, must be calculated (10). Furthermore, the fitted parameters are not unique (8) and offer little insight into the fundamental properties of NOM which govern its competitive impact on SOC adsorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sorption of TCE by Humic-Preloaded Activated Carbon: Incorporating Size-Exclusion and Pore Blockage Phenomena in a Competitive Adsorption Model

Kilduff

Wigton

1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

106

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Naturally occurring, macromolecular dissolved organic matter (NOM) is known to foul activated carbon adsorbents, reducing the ability of fixed-bed adsorbers to efficiently remove targeted synthetic organic contaminants (SOCs). An accurate description of the effects of NOM competition on SOC adsorption equilibria is required to develop dynamic models, which have application to process design and analysis. A model was developed, using an approach based on the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST), to predict trichloroethylene (TCE) adsorption by activated carbon preloaded with humic acid. The IAST model was formulated for a bisolute system in which TCE and humic acid single-solute uptakes were described by the Langmuir−Freundlich and Freundlich isotherms, respectively. The humic mixture was modeled as a single component based on previous studies that identified the low-molecular-weight hydrophobic fraction as the most reactive with regard to preloading effects. Isotherms for this fraction, isolated from whole humic acid using ultrafiltration, were measured, and molar concentrations were computed based on an average molecular weight determined using size-exclusion chromatography. The IAST model was modified to reflect the hypothesis that TCE molecules can access adsorption sites which humic molecules cannot and that no competition can occur on these sites. The model was calibrated with data for TCE uptake by carbon preloaded with the low-molecular-weight humic acid fraction and was verified by predicting TCE uptake by carbon preloaded with whole humic acid. Further improvement to the model was possible by accounting for pore blockage as a mechanism which can reduce the effective surface area available to TCE.

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Adsorption of 1,1,2‐Trichloroethane from River Water

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Electrochemical regeneration of granular activated carbons loaded with phenol and natural organic matter

Electrochemical regeneration of granular activated carbons loaded with phenol and natural organic matter

Role of Granular Activated Carbon Surface Chemistry on the Adsorption of Organic Compounds. 2. Natural Organic Matter

Sorption of TCE by Humic-Preloaded Activated Carbon: Incorporating Size-Exclusion and Pore Blockage Phenomena in a Competitive Adsorption Model

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