Adsorption of alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride on differently pretreated non-woven cotton substrates

et al. 2014

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The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride (ADBAC), a cationic surfactant commonly employed as an antimicrobial agent, on hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics (applicable for wipes) including raw cotton, bleached cotton, and their blends with polyester (PES) were studied at room temperature. The adsorption kinetics of ADBAC on all nonwoven fabrics was best described by the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Unlike bleached cotton/PES blends, the equilibrium adsorption capacities of ADBAC on raw cotton/PES blends were enhanced in comparison with predictions based on the binary mixing rule. The adsorption rates for raw cotton, determined by the KASRA (kinetics of adsorption study in the regions with constant adsorption acceleration) model and Elovich equation, were significantly greater than those for bleached cotton, resulting in a rapid decrease of adsorption rates when blending with PES, which has a negligible interaction with ADBAC. This distinctive adsorption property of raw cotton was attributed to its unique surface characteristics induced by the hydroentangling process: retained pectin, partial removal of waxes, and surface fibrillation, which enhance electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and accessible surface area to ADBAC, respectively. In adsorption isotherms, raw cotton/PES blends exhibited a non-linear decrease in maximum adsorption capacity and monolayer adsorption capacity, calculated by the Langmuir and Langmuir-type equations, respectively, as a function of PES blend ratio.

Section: Adsorption Isothermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of polyester blends in hydroentangled raw and bleached cotton nonwoven fabrics on the adsorption of alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride

Nam

Slopek

et al. 2014

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“…4,5 Previous research has shown that both the rate and total amount of biocide adsorbed from a bulk solution was significantly greater for greige cotton than scoured and bleached cotton nonwovens. 6 It is expected that these previous results are applicable to all greige cotton containing materials, regardless of form. Greige cotton is not naturally wettable to water due to waxes on the surface of the fiber; however, in the presence of surfactant, greige cotton will wet out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…In a previous investigation of the adsorption of ADBAC on differently pretreated nonwoven cotton substrates, the greige substrates were found to have adsorbed three times more ADBAC at a faster rate than scoured and bleached substrates. 6 Cationic surfactants, like ADBAC, mainly adsorb onto cotton substrates via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. It is well known that cotton exhibits a negative electric surface charge when immersed in neutral aqueous solutions; 8 thus, it was expected that the nonwoven substrates in the previous study would adsorb the positively charged ADBAC molecules from the bulk cationic surfactant solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been hypothesized that pectin, a highly adsorbent complex polysaccharide containing carboxylate side chains, played a role in the increased adsorption of alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride (ADBAC), a commonly used biocidal quaternary ammonium surfactant, on greige cotton nonwovens when compared to nonwovens that had been scoured and bleached. 6 Research has shown that there are strong ionic interactions between carboxylates and quaternary ammonium surfactants. 8 Traditionally, chemical scouring and bleaching have been used to remove pectin and cotton’s natural waxes from greige cotton to make the finished fabrics hydrophilic and simplify subsequent wet textile finishing processes such as dyeing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of cotton pectin content and bioscouring on alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride adsorption

Slopek

Sawhney

et al. 2012

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Previous research has shown that both the rate and the total amount of alkyl-dimethyl-benzyl-ammonium chloride (ADBAC) exhausted from a bulk solution of ADBAC are significantly greater for greige cotton nonwovens than cotton nonwovens that have been both scoured and bleached. The presence of pectin in greige cotton samples was offered as one of the possible explanations for this observed phenomenon. To elucidate the effect of pectin and cotton’s natural waxes on the adsorption of ADBAC on greige cotton nonwovens, low-weight greige nonwovens were bioscoured with a pectate lyase prior to being immersed in aqueous solutions of ADBAC. The eco-friendly scouring process was optimized for greige cotton nonwovens and the optimal process parameters were as follows: pH of 8.5, temperature of 55°C, and an incubation time of 90 minutes. Under these conditions, the amount of pectin removed from the fabrics was equivalent to that removed by traditional scouring and bleaching procedures. Pretreatment of greige cotton nonwovens with pectate lyase was found to significantly reduce the amount of ADBAC exhausted from the bulk solution. Through partial scouring via traditional and pectinase-based methods, the adsorption of ADBAC onto cotton nonwovens was found to be linearly dependent on the amount of pectin present in the fabric. Both waxes and pectin were found to play an important role in ADBAC adsorption; however, the observed effect of pectin was significantly greater than cotton’s natural waxes.

“…The percentage of ADBAC depleted from the bulk solution by absorption onto the nonwoven fabric was calculated as previously described. 19 Response surface methodology and statistical analyses…”

Section: Determination Of Adbac Depletion From Solutions Onto Nonwovementioning

confidence: 99%

An optimized co-formulation minimized quaternary ammonium compounds adsorption onto raw cotton disposable disinfecting wipes and maintained efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Hinchliffe

Madison

et al. 2017

The transmission of infectious agents can occur through secondary routes by contact with contaminated inanimate objects in clinical and food service settings. Effective disinfection of exposed surfaces can aid in reducing secondary transmission of infectious agents. Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) are biocides widely used as active ingredients in disinfecting solutions and are effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including those with antibiotic resistance. Cellulosic fibers such as cotton are desirable as disposable substrates for the application of disinfecting solutions, since they have good absorbency and cleaning properties and are sustainable and biodegradable. However, cotton fibers deplete quats from solution through strong ionic interactions at the solid–liquid interface, thereby reducing the amount of quat deposited onto a surface for effective disinfection. In this study, we used response surface methodology to model the depletion of the quat, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC), onto cotton wipe substrates in the presence of chemical compounds that interfered or competed with the ionic interactions between the quat and the cotton fiber surface. Preliminary efficacy testing successfully demonstrated that an optimized disinfecting ADBAC co-formulation applied with a raw cotton disposable wipe maintained efficacy against representative gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria compared to a control disinfecting solution containing only ADBAC. Our optimized disinfecting ADBAC co-formulation remained efficacious against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, demonstrating for the first time that quat adsorption onto cotton substrates can be minimized and efficacy maintained with inexpensive added chemistries.