Adsorption of bacteriophages phi 29 and 22a to protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis 168

Jacobson, E D; Landman, Otto E.

doi:10.1128/jvi.21.3.1223-1227.1977

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We showed that φ 29 was able to attach, eject DNA and even produce new progeny phages in B. subtilis protoplasts, as indicated by the observed filaments inside protoplasts [28]. Phage φ 29 normally binds to glycosylated teichoic acid in the cell wall [38], but can sporadically also attach to fragments of lipoteichoic acids in the membrane of protoplasts [39,40]. For CWD E. coli cells, it was hypothesized that T4 could recognize OmpC and lipopolysaccharide on the remaining outer membrane [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reversible bacteriophage resistance by shedding the bacterial cell wall

et al. 2022

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Phages are highly abundant in the environment and pose a major threat for bacteria. Therefore, bacteria have evolved sophisticated defence systems to withstand phage attacks. Here, we describe a previously unknown mechanism by which mono- and diderm bacteria survive infection with diverse lytic phages. Phage exposure leads to a rapid and near-complete conversion of walled cells to a cell-wall-deficient state, which remains viable in osmoprotective conditions and can revert to the walled state. While shedding the cell wall dramatically reduces the number of progeny phages produced by the host, it does not always preclude phage infection. Altogether, these results show that the formation of cell-wall-deficient cells prevents complete eradication of the bacterial population and suggest that cell wall deficiency may potentially limit the efficacy of phage therapy, especially in highly osmotic environments or when used together with antibiotics that target the cell wall.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of protoplasts [39,40]. For CWD E. coli cells, it was hypothesized that T4 could recognize OmpC and lipopolysaccharide on the remaining outer membrane [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible bacteriophage resistance by shedding the bacterial cell wall

et al. 2022

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“…We showed that φ29 was able to attach, eject DNA and even produce new progeny phages in B. subtilis protoplasts, as indicated by filaments inside protoplasts (22). Phage φ29 normally binds to glycosylated teichoic acid in the cell wall (32), but can sporadically also attach to fragments of lipoteichoic acids in the membrane of protoplasts (33,34). For CWD E. coli cells, it was hypothesized that T4 could recognize OmpC and lipopolysaccharide on the remaining outer membrane (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible bacteriophage resistance by shedding the bacterial cell wall

Ongenae

Mabrouk

Crooijmans

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Phages are highly abundant in the environment and a major threat for bacteria. Therefore, bacteria have evolved sophisticated defense systems to withstand phage attacks. Here, we describe a previously unknown mechanism by which mono- and diderm bacteria survive infection with diverse lytic phages. Phage exposure leads to a rapid and near complete conversion of walled cells to a cell wall-deficient state, which remain viable in osmoprotective conditions and can revert to the walled state. While shedding the cell wall dramatically reduces the number of progeny phages produced by the host, it does not always preclude phage infection. Altogether, these results show that the formation of cell wall-deficient cells prevents complete eradication of the bacterial population and suggest that cell wall-deficiency may limit the efficacy of phage therapy, especially in highly osmotic environments or when used together with antibiotics that target the cell wall.

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“…Free protein pl2* is also able to displace from the bacteria phage previously adsorbed. Taking into account the existence of 700 429 receptors per B. subtilis cell (8) Displacement of wild-type phage adsorbed to B. subtilis by the addition of protein p12*. B. subtilis 11ONA suwas infected at a multiplicity of 10 with wild-type phage, labeled with [35S]sulfate, and purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation as described in the text.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of bacteriophage phi 29 to Bacillus subtilis through the neck appendages of the viral particle

Villanueva¹,

Salas²

1981

J Virol

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Phage 429 particles produced under restrictive conditions by mutants in gene 12 have normal amounts of all of the structural proteins except the appendage protein, pl2*, which is missing. These particles are not infective and do not adsorb to Bacillus subtilis cells. By in vitro complementation of 12-particles with extracts containing protein pl2* or with purified protein pl2*, the defective particles could bind the appendage protein and become infective and able to adsorb to bacteria. Therefore, the neck appendages of phage 429, formed by protein pl2*, are involved in the interaction of the phage with the cell wall receptors. Protein pl2*, purified in its native state, competed with wild-type phage for adsorption to bacteria. Also, protein pl2* could displace adsorbed phage from bacteria. Since the displaced phage was infective, protein pl2* does not seem to be modified after phage adsorption.

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Adsorption of bacteriophages phi 29 and 22a to protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis 168

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Reversible bacteriophage resistance by shedding the bacterial cell wall

Reversible bacteriophage resistance by shedding the bacterial cell wall

Reversible bacteriophage resistance by shedding the bacterial cell wall

Adsorption of bacteriophage phi 29 to Bacillus subtilis through the neck appendages of the viral particle

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