“…In addition, spectroscopic methods such as infrared absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) may qualify as adequate techniques for the study of dilute molecular layers and their phase transitions in a broad temperature range (30–500 K). Vibrational line positions react sensitively to the local environment, that is, the type and number of neighboring species, as well as distances. − In this way, semiquantitative information regarding the prevalence of the various phases of deposited molecular species, e.g., with increasing temperature, becomes available. Additionally, structural information (bonding geometry and/or molecular orientation) can be extracted from the absorption bands in the IR spectra. , …”