Adsorption of crystal violet dye by agricultural rice bran waste: Isotherms, kinetics, modeling and influencing factors

Abstract

In this study, the potential of modified rice bran (MRB) was investigated for the elimination of crystal violet (CV) from plotted effluent. In this regard, rice bran (RB) was modified by chlorosulfonic acid. The results of FTIR, EDX, and SEM analysis showed structural change, an increase in the amount of sulfur, and the formation of a new band (998 and 1,225 cm-1) in MRB, respectively. The impact of different variables such as contact time, MRB dosage, pH, CV concentration, and ions content on removal efficiency was studied by using batch experiments. In addition, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the experiments. The maximum removal efficiency of 97.4% was obtained at the adsorbent dosage of 2 g L-1 , initial CV concentration of 100 mg L-1 , and contact time of 42.75 min. The highest adsorption capacity of 603 mg g-1 was acquired by the Langmuir model. The best description of kinetic data was achieved by the Elovich model. The thermodynamic study of the adsorption indicated an endothermic and spontaneous reaction. MRB could be regenerated by HCl 0.5 mol L-1 and removal efficiency was declined 10 percent after 5 adsorption/desorption cycles. It was concluded that MRB is an operational adsorbent to remove CV from effluents.

Removal of Organic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbons Prepared from Residue of Supercritical Extraction of Marigold

“…It should be also mentioned that the costs of adsorbents described in [ 36 , 37 , 38 ] are by far higher than those of obtaining activated carbons from marigold flowers. The carbon samples obtained by us showed much lower adsorption capacities towards crystal violet than the adsorbents obtained from agricultural rice bran waste [ 39 ]. However, sample PC5A8 was found to be a much more effective adsorbent of this dye than the cross-linked chitosan-coated bentonite [ 40 ].…”

Preparation of Magnetic Activated Carbons from Cassava Peel using H3PO4 and KOH Activation by Microwave Heating for Naphthol Blue-Black Adsorption

“…Batch adsorption studies were carried out by adding 0.3 g of adsorbent to 50 mL of naphthol blue-black solutions with different concentrations (10 -500 mg L -1 ). The solution pH was adjusted with the addition of 0.1 N HCl or 0.1 N NaOH to an appropriate pH (1,3,5,7,9,11). The mixtures were further stirred at 120 rpm for 10 -180 min.…”

“…The ionized aromatic chemical naphthol is more reactive than phenol. These organic substances are extremely poisonous, cancercausing, and incapable of breaking down naturally [1]. Hence, it is urgent to reduce the dye before being discharged into the environment.…”

Adsorption of crystal violet on kaolinite clay: kinetic and equilibrium study using non-linear models

“…Considered a carcinogen, mutagen and toxic, it can also cause some other harmful effects at higher concentrations like blindness, digestive system troubles, skin irritation and respiratory and kidney failures. Therefore, it presents a real hazard to human health and, consequently, wastewater containing this dye must be treated using appropriate processes before its reuse or discharge in the aquatic medium (Puri et al, 2018;Abbasi et al, 2020;Rezazadeh et al, 2021). Many techniques have been developed to eliminate dyes from wastewater including biological processes (Varjani et al, 2020;Srinivasan et al, 2021), advanced oxidation processes (Miklos et al, 2018), photochemical degradation montmorillonite (Rytwo et al, 1993;Puri et al, 2018;Sarabadan et al, 2019), smectite (Hamza et al, 2018;Intachai et al, 2021), ball clay (Monash et al, 2011), clinoptilolite (Nadaroglu et al, 2015), kaolinite (Sargin et al, 2013), sepiolite (Eren et al, 2007;Karatas et al, 2018) and palygorskite (Al-Futaisi et al, 2007).…”

“…Considered a carcinogen, mutagen and toxic, CV can also cause some other harmful effects at higher concentrations, such as blindness, digestive system issues, skin irritation and respiratory and kidney failure. Therefore, it represents a significant hazard to human health; wastewater containing this dye must be treated effectively before its reuse or discharge into the aquatic medium (Puri et al , 2018; Abbasi et al , 2020; Rezazadeh et al , 2021).…”