Adsorption of heavy metals from multi-metal aqueous solution by sunflower plant biomass-based carbons

Abstract

This study reports the competitive adsorption of Ni(II), Cd(II) and Cr(VI) onto sunflower waste biomass carbons, viz. sunflower head carbon and sunflower stem carbon from multi-metal aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbents was highest in mono-metal system but decreased with increase in the number of coions. The adsorption capacity in mono-metal system was 0.32 and 0.45 mM/g for Ni(II), 0.25 and 0.32 mM/g for Cd(II) and 0.20 and 0.28 for Cr(VI) by sunflower head carbon and sunflower stem carbon, respectively, whereas, in a binary system, adsorption capacity of sunflower head carbon for Ni(II) was 0.24 mM/g in 0.5 mM Cd(II) solution which was further reduced to 0.18 mM/g in 2.0 mM Cd(II). The effect of co-cations was more pronounced in tertiary systems. Similar behavior was observed for other systems also. The interactive effect of multi-metal ions in binary and tertiary component systems was antagonistic in nature, i.e., the effect of mixture is less than the sum of individual effect of the constituents or when the effect of individual substances added together is less than the expected in response to multiple substances. Langmuir model best fitted the data for all the systems with r 2 value [0.95.

A Spherical Zwitterionic Cellulose Acetate/ Graphene Oxide Composite Adsorbent for Efficient Removal of Cu2+ and Cd2+ from Aqueous Solution

“…Furthermore, it can be seen that, in 5 cycles, the fouling resistant ability adsorbent could still maintain 85% of Cu 2+ and Cd 2+ removal performance compared with that of the new adsorbents. This was because the introduction of zwitterion can improve the fouling resistant ability effectively (Jain et al 2016). These observations suggest that ZCA/GO composite adsorbent could be reported as promising material for the separation and recovery of heavy metal ions from wastewater.…”

Synthesis of sewage sludge‐based carbon/TiO2/ZnO nanocomposite adsorbent for the removal of Ni(II), Cu(II), and chemical oxygen demands from aqueous solutions and industrial wastewater

“…The maximum permissible limits for Ni(II), Cu(II), and COD in water are 0.2 mg/L, 2 mg/L, and 200 mg/L, respectively (Sponza & Karaoǧlu, 2002). Several methods including coagulation (Shahriari, Bidhendi, Mehrdadi, & Torabian, 2014), advance oxidation processes (Marinho, Cristóvão, Boaventura, & Vilar, 2019), flotation (Deliyanni, Kyzas, & Matis, 2017), ion exchange (Siu, Koong, Saleem, Barford, & McKay, 2016), precipitation (Rabii, Bidhendi, & Mehrdadi, 2012), solvent extraction (Kul & Oskay, 2015), membrane filtration (Yurekli, 2016;Zhu, Sun, Gao, Fu, & Chung, 2014), adsorption (Abbas et al, 2016;Inyang et al, 2016;Jain, Garg, Kadirvelu, & Sillanpää, 2016;Sarma, Gupta, & Bhattacharyya, 2019;Sizirici et al, 2018), and biological processes (Gunatilake, 2015) have been used for the removal of toxic materials from wastewaters. Among them, the adsorption process as an effective economical method has been reported for the removal of heavy metal ions and COD from aqueous solutions (Inyang et al, 2016;Jain et al, 2016).…”

“…Several methods including coagulation (Shahriari, Bidhendi, Mehrdadi, & Torabian, 2014), advance oxidation processes (Marinho, Cristóvão, Boaventura, & Vilar, 2019), flotation (Deliyanni, Kyzas, & Matis, 2017), ion exchange (Siu, Koong, Saleem, Barford, & McKay, 2016), precipitation (Rabii, Bidhendi, & Mehrdadi, 2012), solvent extraction (Kul & Oskay, 2015), membrane filtration (Yurekli, 2016;Zhu, Sun, Gao, Fu, & Chung, 2014), adsorption (Abbas et al, 2016;Inyang et al, 2016;Jain, Garg, Kadirvelu, & Sillanpää, 2016;Sarma, Gupta, & Bhattacharyya, 2019;Sizirici et al, 2018), and biological processes (Gunatilake, 2015) have been used for the removal of toxic materials from wastewaters. Among them, the adsorption process as an effective economical method has been reported for the removal of heavy metal ions and COD from aqueous solutions (Inyang et al, 2016;Jain et al, 2016). The various adsorbents in the hydrogel/nanogel (Lakouraj, Hasanzadeh, & Zare, 2014), nanofiber (Bahmani et al, 2019), nanoparticles (Mirzababaei, Taghizadeh, & Alizadeh, 2016;Zare, Lakouraj, & Kasirian, 2018), nanocomposites (Fallah, Isfahani, & Tajbakhsh, 2019;Lakouraj, Mojerlou, & Zare, 2014;Zare, Lakouraj, & Ramezani, 2015Zare, Motahari, & Sillanpää, 2018), etc., have been applied for adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solutions.…”

Magnetically separable CoFe2O4/CoxFey/activated carbon composites for Cd(II) removal from wastewater

“…The residual Cd(II) concentrations were determined with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Varian AA240) at a wavelength of 229 nm. The equilibrium adsorption capacity was calculated using the following equation: where q e (mg g −1 ) is the equilibrium adsorption capacity, C 0 (mg l −1 ) and C e (mg l −1 ) are the initial Cd(II) concentration and the Cd(II) concentration after adsorption with AC or CoFe 2 O 4 /Co x Fe y /AC, V (l) is the Cd(II) solution volume and M (g) is the mass of AC or CoFe 2 O 4 /Co x Fe y /AC.…”