“…In order to test the role of the charge of the graphene layer in the position and the orientation of the DNA, all of the carbon atoms of the graphene layer, to which DNA is anchored, were charged to one of the following values: À0.1, À0.05, À0.02, À0.01, 0, +0.01, +0.02, +0.05 or +0.1 elementary charge (e) per carbon, corresponding to the range of the charge densities À0.594 to +0.594 C m À2 comparable to those used in the experiments. 40,41 The sodium/chloride ions were used to neutralise fully the charge applied on the graphene, whereas the DNA was neutralised independently by sodium cations. All of the nominal charges per carbon atom, the charge densities and the number of ions used in the simulations are summarised in Table 1.…”