Adsorption of Organic Compounds by Carbon Nanomaterials in Aqueous Phase: Polanyi Theory and Its Application

Yang, Kun; Xing, Baoshan

doi:10.1021/cr100059s

Cited by 778 publications

(512 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…For adsorption of a chemical on an adsorbent, the interaction between the chemical and adsorbent is important. For carbon materials, five possible interactions including hydrophobic effect, p-p bonds, hydrogen bonds, and covalent and electrostatic interactions have been observed and believed to be responsible for the adsorption of organic chemicals on the surface of carbon nanosized particles [26]. However, few investigations have reported the interaction of dyes and carbon nanotubes.…”

Section: Dye Adsorption In Single-dye Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic and competitive adsorption of organic dyes on multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Wang

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering Journal

213

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h i g h l i g h t s" Adsorption of methylene blue and acid red 183 on a MWCNT in single and binary dye systems was investigated. " MWCNT shows higher adsorption capacity to methylene blue in both systems. " A synergistic effect for basic and acid dyes occurs in a binary dye system. t r a c tA multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was used as an adsorbent for removal of a cationic dye (methylene blue, MB) and acid dye (acid red 183, AR183) from aqueous solution in single and binary dye systems. Characterization of the MWCNT and MWCNT-dye systems were performed using several techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), zeta potential and elemental analysis. Adsorption tests showed that the MWCNT presented higher adsorption of MB than AR183 in single and binary dye systems, revealing that p-p stacking is the main driving force responsible for the dye-MWCNT interaction. In single dye systems, the MWCNT presented the maximum adsorption capacities of MB and AR183 at 59.7 and 45.2 mg/g, respectively. In a binary dye system, a synergistic effect due to electronic attraction between MB and AR183 was found at low AR183 concentration (10 mg/L), which promotes the adsorption of both dyes on the MWCNT. However, MB adsorption could be reduced at higher AR183 concentration (>20 mg/L) due to a strong electrostatic attraction between MWCNT-AR183.

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Section: Dye Adsorption In Single-dye Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic and competitive adsorption of organic dyes on multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Wang

et al. 2012

Chemical Engineering Journal

213

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“…The sorption capacity of OPEs largely depends on the surface area and oxygen-containing functional groups of CNTs. The strong affinity of OPEs toward CNTs not only inhibits the migration of OPEs and therefore reduces their exposure potential, but also adds additional toxicity to CNTs when these CNTs are bio-concentrated in organisms [22]. Therefore, the potential risk of coexistent CNTs and OPEs or other pollutants in the environment should be critically considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22] (detailed in SI). c Reduction percentage means percent reduction of surface coverage when CNTs were compared to oxidized CNTs, equal to…”

Section: Sorption Isothermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S7) were suitable in the high-and middleconcentration range, they failed to describe the sorption behaviors at low concentrations for all isotherms. LM, usually applicable to describe monolayer adsorption on homogeneous surfaces, is unsuitable for CNTs because the presence of high-energy sorption sites such as defects, functional groups, and interstitial or groove regions between CNT bundles [22] makes the CNTs' surfaces heterogeneous. FM, an empirical equation, failed to describe the sorption behavior of organic pollutants on CNTs over a wide concentration range [23].…”

Section: Sorption Isothermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sorption of organophosphate esters by carbon nanotubes

Yan

Duan

et al. 2014

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…[82] at pH 7 most likely due to π−π stacking between the aromatic rings of the FWCNTs and the PQQ [89,90]. However, electrostatic effects controlled strongly both the immobilization and the stability of the electrode.…”

Section: Enzymatic Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon nanograss as micro fuel cell gas diffusion layer

et al. 2010

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Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) produce electrical energy directly from chemical energy. They are a promising candidate for power sources of portable devices due to the high energy density of methanol and the quick recharging procedure by fuel insertion. However, the problem areas of the DMFC are the slow electro-oxidation of methanol and the permeated methanol reacting at the cathode. New catalysts are constantly searched but they are often tested only for catalytic activity and the DMFC testing is omitted even though the catalyst layer (CL) structure has a large impact on the performance. Miniaturization of the system is also necessary for portable applications. Silicon etching can be used to fabricate small structures for fuel cells replacing or enhancing the functions of laboratory-scale components.In the first part of this thesis, new catalysts for the DMFC are studied with the emphasis on the CL structure. Different carbon supports for the anode were studied: standard carbon black and alternative few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWCNT) and graphitized carbon nanofiber (GNF). The alternative supports showed better DMFC performance but their stability was lower than with carbon black. However, the CL formed with GNF showed a very porous structure enhancing the mass transfer, so that higher binder content could be used improving the stability to the level of carbon black and the performance by 30%. The FWCNTs were also investigated as a platform for enzymatic methanol oxidation by studying the electrochemical properties of an immobilized cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ). A large amount of PQQ was adsorbed having a strong redox response and good stability in a wide pH window. For the cathode, a methanol-tolerant, Pt-free nitrogen-doped FWCNTs were tested in an alkaline DMFC as such testing is not often made. Its performance was remarkably 4 times better than with Pt when synthetic air was used as the oxidant.In the second part of thesis, an integrated gas diffusion layer (GDL) consisting of Si nanoneedles (nanograss) was tested in a micro fuel cell (MFC). The layer functioned properly at low current densities. For high power applications, a standard carbon cloth GDL was tested with the nanograss as a contact surface reducing the resistance between the GDL and the flow field. The use of the nanograss improved the MFC performance and stability. Finally, the MFCs were used as a catalyst testing platform and the results were compared with a similar test in a laboratory-scale DMFC. The results varied showing that the DMFC components also have a large impact on catalyst testing.Keywords direct methanol fuel cell, carbon nanomaterials, micro fuel cells, catalyst layer Tiivistelmä Suorametanolipolttokennot (SMPK) tuottavat sähköenergiaa suoraan kemiallisesta energiasta. Ne ovat lupaava vaihtoehto kannettavien laitteiden voimanlähteeksi, koska metanolilla on korkea energiatiheys ja lataaminen tapahtuu nopeasti polttoainelisäyksellä. SMPK:lla on kuitenkin rajoitteina metanolin hidas hapetusreaktio ja katodi...

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Adsorption of Organic Compounds by Carbon Nanomaterials in Aqueous Phase: Polanyi Theory and Its Application

Cited by 778 publications

References 182 publications

Synergistic and competitive adsorption of organic dyes on multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Synergistic and competitive adsorption of organic dyes on multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Sorption of organophosphate esters by carbon nanotubes

Silicon nanograss as micro fuel cell gas diffusion layer

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