Adsorption of volatile polonium species on metals in various gas atmospheres: Part III – Adsorption of volatile polonium on stainless steel 316L

Maugeri, E. A.; Neuhausen, Jörg; Prieto, Borja Gonzalez; Aerts, Alexander; Mendonça, Tânia; Stora, T.; Eichler, Robert

doi:10.1515/ract-2017-2807

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, the filtration performance of the stainless-steel mesh filter causes a severe decrease or even ineffectiveness due to the corrosion behavior of stainless steel in LBE [18]. Based on thermal chromatography experiments, a high adhesion affinity of polonium was achieved using noble metals (Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd) and 316L stainless steel, as reported by Maugeri et al [19][20][21]. Meanwhile, the adhesion energies of Po, Po 2 , PbPo, PbBi, H 2 Po, and PoOH on noble metals were calculated by using the density functional theory (DFT) for 210 Po trapping [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Removal of the Homolog Tellurium of Polonium by SiO2 Nanofiber Filter for Lead Alloy-Cooled Reactors

Chen

Zeng

et al. 2022

Toxics

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The lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) can be easily activated by neutron radiation to produce the radionuclide 210Po. It is therefore necessary to establish an effective method to remove vaporized polonium in the cover gas to prevent its release into the air in scenarios of reactor maintenance and coolant leakage accidents. This paper presents a SiO2 nanofiber membrane prepared based on the electrostatic spinning and calcination process. The SiO2 nanofiber membrane had the advantages of good flexibility, high-temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance. In the trapping experiments, the SiO2 nanofiber membrane filters showed excellent filtration performance at 300~400 °C, and the filtration efficiencies for Te, Pb, and Bi could reach 99%, 99%, and 98%, respectively. Proper filtration temperature and gas flow rate are important to maintain high filtration efficiency. After five cycles, the SiO2 nanofiber membrane filter still exhibited excellent cycle-use performance. In the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, PbPo and PbTe had strong interactions with amorphous SiO2, having adhesion energies of −2.96 to −2.83 eV/molecule.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Removal of the Homolog Tellurium of Polonium by SiO2 Nanofiber Filter for Lead Alloy-Cooled Reactors

Chen

Zeng

et al. 2022

Toxics

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“…More importantly, the formation of volatile species observed in similar experiments in fused silica columns with moist inert and reducing carrier gases was not observed in steel columns, indicating that the steel used as construction material for MYRRHA can suppress the formation of these species. [55] However, when using LBE samples containing highly dilute polonium as sources in otherwise similar thermochromatography experiments, the tendency to form volatile polonium species was increased compared to the experiments with matrix-free polonium samples. [41,56] This indicates that the formation of the volatile polonium species is an intricate process influenced by properties of the matrix, the adsorbing surface and the composition of the carrier gas.…”

Section: Recent Results: the Euratom H2020 Project Myrtementioning

confidence: 99%

Radionuclide Chemistry in Nuclear Facilities Based on Heavy Liquid Metal Coolants: Past, Present and Future

Neuhausen

2020

Chimia

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Heavy liquid metals such as lead and lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) are considered as spallation target material for next-generation neutron sources and as coolant of fast spectrum nuclear reactors that are developed to facilitate more efficient use of nuclear fuel as well as transmutation of long-lived nuclear waste. During the operation of such facilities, the heavy liquid metal will be activated by nuclear reactions. Additionally, fission product radionuclides may be introduced into the liquid metal from leaking fuel pins or by fission of the target nuclei in spallation. The chemical behaviour of these radioactive contaminants in the liquid metal – especially their immediate volatilization or volatilization of formed secondary compounds – may affect the safety of such facilities. The present article summarizes the activities of PSI's Laboratory of Radiochemistry towards a better understanding of the chemistry of potentially hazardous radionuclides in LBE and discusses aspects that need to be addressed in future to support the licensing of heavy liquid metal-based nuclear facilities.

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“…These properties cannot be measured using traditional methods because of the low concentration of gaseous polonium molecules in experiments. We rely instead on thermochromatography experiments [27][28][29][30] which provide qualitative information on the nature of the gas species under various conditions, and on modeling. Two approaches towards modeling are adopted in parallel, viz.…”

Section: Polonium Chemistry In Lbementioning

confidence: 99%

The LBE Coolant Chemistry R&D Programme for the MYRRHA ADS: Chemistry and Control of Oxygen, Corrosion and Spallation Products

Aerts

Gladinez

Prieto

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Spallation Materials Technology

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Compatibility with structural materials and activation are major challenges of the use of heavy liquid metal (HLM) spallation targets and coolants such as lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE). Steel exposed to HLM is prone to corrosion which results in the release of steel elements in the HLM coolant. A commonly accepted strategy to reduce corrosion rates is to maintain a sufficiently elevated dissolved oxygen concentration in order to stabilize a protective oxide layer on the steel surface in contact with HLM. We present a brief overview of the oxygen sensing and control technology for LBE, developed in the frame of the MYRRHA accelerator driven system (ADS) demonstrate its performance on a large scale in the MEXICO chemistry loop (Mass Exchanger In Continuous Operation). MYRRHA stands for Multipurpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications accelerator driven system and is currently under development at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, and will operate between 200 °C and 400 °C with a target oxygen concentration level of 10-7 wt-%. Numerical simulations allowed mapping of the local oxygen concentration in MYRRHA, enabling identification of the regions in the core which could be prone to corrosion. On the other hand, oxygen concentrations must be sufficiently low to avoid formation of solid lead oxide (PbO) in the primary circuit. When designing a nuclear system such as an ADS, one must take into account accidents that may lead to increase of the oxygen concentration in the LBE and assess the probability for PbO formation and its consequences. In this context, we have studied the formation of lead oxide from oxygen-oversaturated LBE and determined the metastable limit for PbO nucleation. Corrosion products that are released in the LBE will interact with dissolved oxygen in LBE to form corrosion product oxides. These interactions influence the concentration of both dissolved oxygen and dissolved corrosion products. This in turn can cause changes in the corrosion process itself by altering the driving force for steel element dissolution or protective oxide layer decomposition. Experimental results will be presented which provide evidence for the precipitation and dissolution of oxides of iron impurities in LBE. Numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and chemical equilibrium complement experiments in understanding the interactions between coolant chemistry and reactor thermal-hydraulics. A similar approach was adopted for simulating the chemistry of spallation and other radioactive impurities in the primary LBE of MYRRHA. Simulations allow the prediction of released fraction, vapor composition and precipitation/dissolution phenomena in the LBE, as function of the oxygen concentration in the LBE and of the oxygen and humidity content of the cover gas in contact with the LBE. Simulations of the chemical behavior of several critical

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Adsorption of volatile polonium species on metals in various gas atmospheres: Part III – Adsorption of volatile polonium on stainless steel 316L

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Removal of the Homolog Tellurium of Polonium by SiO2 Nanofiber Filter for Lead Alloy-Cooled Reactors

Removal of the Homolog Tellurium of Polonium by SiO2 Nanofiber Filter for Lead Alloy-Cooled Reactors

Radionuclide Chemistry in Nuclear Facilities Based on Heavy Liquid Metal Coolants: Past, Present and Future

The LBE Coolant Chemistry R&D Programme for the MYRRHA ADS: Chemistry and Control of Oxygen, Corrosion and Spallation Products

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