“…Surface-adsorbate interactions as described in (i) generally occur at low surface concentrations (14). As the charge from adsorbed NOM builds up on the carbon surface, factors (ii) and (iii) will become the dominant contributions to ⌬G elec (14,15). Hence, at low surface concentrations, the aforementioned factors may favor or oppose adsorption, depending upon surface charge, while at high surface concentrations, these contributions will oppose adsorption.…”