Adsorption of β-Carotene in Isopropyl Alcohol with Decolorized Activated Carbon as Model for β-Carotene Adsorption in Crude Palm Oil

Abstract

The objective of this research was to characterize the porosity of decolorized activated carbon (DAC)

Recent development and challenges in extraction of phytonutrients from palm oil

“…Among these factors, the type of adsorbents used in the adsorption process has the most considerable influence on the extraction efficiency. Diaion ® HP‐20, decolorized activated carbon (DAC), and mesoporous carbon‐coated monolith (MCCM) were among the adsorbents used in the phytonutrients extraction (Hideo Mamuro, 1986; Latip et al., 2001; Muhammad, Ali Khan, & Choong, 2013; Ng & May, 2013; Phoon et al., 2018; Ulfah, Raharjo, Hastuti, & Darmadji, 2017). Diaion ® HP‐20 adsorbent is a commercial nonpolar polyaromatic adsorbent that has the versatile applications in adsorption of antibiotic and biomolecules.…”

“…The broad nonpolar surfaces and the tiny cavities in Diaion ® HP‐20 adsorbent were responsible for the good recovery of carotenoids (K. W. Chan et al., 2000). An alternative to Diaion ® HP‐20 adsorbent is DAC, which had a higher capacity (33.206 mg/g) than Diaion® HP‐20 adsorbent for adsorption of ß‐carotene (Ulfah et al., 2017). The high adsorption capacity of DAC was contributed by the high degree of microporosity and its high affinity toward nonpolar compounds.…”

“…The high adsorption capacity of DAC was contributed by the high degree of microporosity and its high affinity toward nonpolar compounds. In an adsorption study adopting DAC as the adsorbent, ß‐carotene was successfully concentrated to 15,000 ppm from CPO feedstock with 633.71 ppm of ß‐carotene (Ulfah et al., 2017).…”

“…Several studies of carotenoids adsorption indicated that the optimal temperature of carotenoid adsorption was between 50 and 60 • C (Baharin et al, 1998;Latip et al, 2001;N. Majid & Cheirsilp, 2012;Muhammad et al, 2013;Ulfah et al, 2017). Sometimes, a slightly higher operating temperature (50 to 65 • C) was advantageous because the viscosity of palm oil could be reduced while preserving the phytonutrients like squalene, carotenoids, and tocols (Baharin et al, 1998 N.…”

“…Sometimes, a slightly higher operating temperature (50 to 65 • C) was advantageous because the viscosity of palm oil could be reduced while preserving the phytonutrients like squalene, carotenoids, and tocols (Baharin et al, 1998 N. Majid & Cheirsilp, 2012;Muhammad et al, 2013;Ulfah et al, 2017). However, a past study stated that the temperature used in the elutions of tocols, phytosterol, and squalene could reach 95 • C (Phoon et al, 2018); this high-temperature condition was useful in eluting the phytonutrients from the adsorbent.…”