Adsorption Properties of Activated Tire Pyrolysis Chars for Phenol and Chlorophenols

Kuśmierek, Krzysztof; Świątkowski, Andrzej; Kotkowski, Tomasz; Cherbański, Robert; Molga, Eugeniusz

doi:10.1002/ceat.201900574

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Chempur (Piekary Slaskie, Poland) supplied all other analytical-grade chemicals and reagents. The Vulcan XC72 carbon black (CB) from Cabot Corporation (Boston, MA, USA), AKP-5 activated coke (AC) from Gryfskand (Hajnówka, Poland), and activated tire pyrolysis char (AP) prepared by physical activation with CO2 for 150 min at 1100°C as described elsewhere [13] were used as adsorbents. The textural properties of the carbonaceous materials, including their specific surface areas (SBET) and pore size volumes, were determined via the analysis of nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77.4 K using an ASAP 2020 adsorption analyzer supplied by Micromeritics Instrument Corporation (Norcross, GA, USA).…”

Section: Reagents and Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Phenols on Carbonaceous Materials of Various Origins but of Similar Specific Surface Areas

Kuśmierek

Świątkowski

2023

Separations

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The adsorption of phenol (Ph), 4-chlorophenol (CP), and 4-cresol (MP) from aqueous solutions on three carbonaceous materials of diverse origins but similar specific surface areas was investigated. Vulcan XC72 carbon black (CB), AKP-5 activated coke (AC), and activated tire pyrolysis char (AP) were examined as adsorbents. The kinetics and equilibrium adsorption, as well as the influence of pH and ionic strength of each solution on the adsorption process, were studied. The results revealed that the adsorption was pH-dependent and preferred an acidic environment. The presence of an inorganic salt in the solution (ionic strength) did not affect the adsorption processes of the three adsorbates. The pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order equations, as well as the Weber–Morris and Boyd kinetic models, were used to describe the adsorption kinetics. It was found that equilibrium was reached for all adsorbates after approximately 2–3 h. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption rate was determined by film diffusion. The adsorption isotherms were described using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The results revealed that the adsorption processes of Ph, CP, and MP on all three adsorbents from the water were better described by the Langmuir model. The adsorption of CP was the most efficient, the adsorption of MP was slightly weaker, and the adsorption of phenol was the least efficient.

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Section: Reagents and Adsorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Phenols on Carbonaceous Materials of Various Origins but of Similar Specific Surface Areas

Kuśmierek

Świątkowski

2023

Separations

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“…Moreover, after further processing [ 68 , 69 ], these activated carbon materials can be employed in a large variety of fields, as depicted in Figure 4 . In recent studies, activated rCB samples were investigated as adsorbents for the separation of compounds in gaseous [ 70 , 71 , 72 ] and liquid [ 73 ] phases (e.g., adsorption of dyes [ 74 , 75 ], organic compounds [ 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ], and heavy metals [ 80 , 81 , 82 ]), as conductive additives for carbon electrodes of sodium and lithium batteries [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ], as supercapacitors [ 87 ], as catalysts [ 88 , 89 ] and as nanomaterial precursors [ 90 , 91 ]. Even though rCB has been identified as a potential solid fuel (the HHV is within 25 to 34 MJ/kg [ 9 , 21 ]), its low reactivity, slow oxidation kinetics, small particle size, and low bulk density explain why rCB combustion studies are rarely found.…”

Section: Recovered Carbon Blackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Upgrading of Recovered Carbon Black from the Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires

Costa

Fowler²,

Carreira³

et al. 2022

Materials

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Increasing awareness regarding fossil fuel dependence, waste valorization, and greenhouse gas emissions have prompted the emergence of new solutions for numerous markets over the last decades. The tire industry is no exception to this, with a global production of more than 1.5 billion tires per year raising environmental concerns about their end-of-life recycling or disposal. Pyrolysis enables the recovery of both energy and material from end-of-life tires, yielding valuable gas, liquid, and solid fractions. The latter, known as recovered carbon black (rCB), has been extensively researched in the last few years to ensure its quality for market applications. These studies have shown that rCB quality depends on the feedstock composition and pyrolysis conditions such as type of reactor, temperature range, heating rate, and residence time. Recent developments of activation and demineralization techniques target the production of rCB with specific chemical, physical, and morphological properties for singular applications. The automotive industry, which is the highest consumer of carbon black, has set specific targets to incorporate recycled materials (such as rCB) following the principles of sustainability and a circular economy. This review summarizes the pyrolysis of end-of-life tires for the production of syngas, oil, and rCB, focusing on the process conditions and product yield and composition. A further analysis of the characteristics of the solid material is performed, including their influence on the rCB application as a substitute of commercial CB in the tire industry. Purification and modification post-treatment processes for rCB upgrading are also inspected.

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“…Activated tyre pyrolysis chars (ATPCs) have been successfully applied for purification of water from: different dyes (Acevedo et al, 2015;Daraei and Mittal, 2017;Shaid et al, 2019;Song et al, 2014), phenol (Helleur et al, 2001;Li et al, 2005;San Miguel, et al, 2002;San Miguel et al, 2003) and other organic compounds such as: 1,3-dichlorbenzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, 2,4-dichlorophenol (Lian et al, 2011), 2chlorophenol (Manirajah et al, 2019), toluene (Zhu et al, 2011), metals ions as: Co(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) (Abbasi et al, 2019;Makrigianni et al, 2017;Saleh et al, 2013), and rare earth elements (Smith et al, 2016). Also, our previous works showed possible applications of CO 2 -activated tyre pyrolysis char for removal of n-hexane from gas phase (Kotkowski et al, 2020), and phenol and chlorophenols (Kuśmierek et al, 2020a) as well as herbicides (Kuśmierek et al, 2020b) from aqueous solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Process Engineering

Kuśmierek,

Świątkowski,

Kotkowski

et al. 2020

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This paper aims to show the effect of activation method of tyre pyrolysis char (TPC) on adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. The TPC was produced from end-of-life-tyres (ELT) feedstock in a pilot plant at 773 K. Activation was accomplished using two classical methods: physical activation with CO 2 and chemical activation with KOH. The two produced adsorbents had pores ranging from micro-to macropores. Distinct differences in the BET surface areas and pore volumes between the adsorbents were displayed showing better performance of the chemically activated adsorbent for adsorption of BPA from water.The results of the kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of BPA followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Freundlich, Langmuir, Langmuir-Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherm equations were used for description of the adsorption data. The Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model best fits the experimental data for the BPA adsorption on both adsorbents. The Langmuir-Freundlich monolayer adsorption capacity, q mLF , obtained for the CO 2 -activated tyre pyrolysis char (AP-CO 2 ) and KOH-activated tyre pyrolysis char (AP-KOH) were 0.473 and 0.969 mmol g −1 , respectively.

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Adsorption Properties of Activated Tire Pyrolysis Chars for Phenol and Chlorophenols

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Adsorption of Phenols on Carbonaceous Materials of Various Origins but of Similar Specific Surface Areas

Adsorption of Phenols on Carbonaceous Materials of Various Origins but of Similar Specific Surface Areas

Production and Upgrading of Recovered Carbon Black from the Pyrolysis of End-of-Life Tires

Chemical and Process Engineering

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