“…Dopamine (DA), a mussel-inspired polymer with abundant catechol, can form a polydopamine film on different ranges of both inorganic and organic surfaces by spontaneous oxidative polymerization [21,22]. Besides, over the past decade, a variety of catechol-rich chemicals have been connected to the chitosan backbone [23], such as 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid [6,24,25], 3,4dihydroxybenzealdehyde [26,27], ferulic acid [28][29][30], etc. Gallic acid (GA) is currently the most used phenolic acid to be grafted onto chitosan, owing to its antioxidant properties and low cost [31].…”