Adsorptive Pattern Using Drinking Water Treatment Residual for Organic Effluent Abatement from Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

Zeolite (ZSM-12) is a unique material obtained from the drinking water treatment plants’ residual “alum sludge”, as a result of using aluminum sulphate as a primary coagulant in the plants. Herein, alum sludge (AS) is initially dewatered and subjected for various calcination temperatures 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C and the corresponding materials are named as AS400, AS600 and AS800, respectively. Such calcination is provided to attain ZSM-12, which is considered a highly adsorptive material. The material characterization and morphology were investigated using scanning X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscope (SEM) that confirm the presence of ZSM-12 and porosity of such prepared materials. Thereafter, such materials are introduced for phenol remediation from aqueous solution. The experimental data reveal that AS400 had the largest adsorption capacity (275 mg-phenol/g), in comparison to the commercial adsorbent materials during 2 h of isotherm time. Such a result confirms the suitability of alum sludge residue to be a good candidate for environmental remediation. Furthermore, adsorption isotherm models were applied, and the data are well-fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. In addition, thermodynamic parameters are investigated which verify the physisorption adsorption process and exothermic nature with a spontaneous reaction system.

Extractability of Rice Husk Waste Using Green Gamma Radiation for Dye Elimination in Laboratory-Scale Sorption System: Equilibrium Isotherm and Kinetic Analysis

“…Hence, the number of vacant sites on the RH surface regularly declined and the overall adsorption uptake was also reduced. Such a result of a decreasing contaminant uptake from an aqueous stream with the prolonging of time was previously reported by Tony [49] and Farha et al [2] on the adsorption of dye effluents by bagasse and carbon nanotubes, respectively, as well as, Nour et al [50], on treating phenolic materials using clay minerals. time, as shown in Figure 7.…”

“…Additionally, the current methodology activates biomass using a green methodology by γ-irradiation without using chemicals, since avoiding the use of such hazardous chemicals gives a greener adsorbent in comparison with other low-cost biomass materials. Furthermore, according to the literature [50], successive washing with distilled water or a solvent was used for dye removal which allowed for the drying of the adsorbent material in the oven to be reused, which could regenerate the adsorbent material. In this regard, the material could possibly be sustainable.…”

Efficient augmentation of superparamagnetic ferrite with alum sludge as a sustainable nanoadsorbent matrix for promoting dye removal: preparation, characterization and application

“…Where is the monolayer saturation capacity (L/g) and is the constant of adsorption energy used to calculate the average free energy (E). E value con rms the chemical or physical type of adsorption [22] E = (9)…”