In the present study, a magnetically separable adsorbent,
manganese
ferrite (MnFe
2
O
4
)/sugarcane bagasse biochar
magnetic composites (MFSCBB-MCs), was fabricated through a one-step
pyrolysis method. The characterization of the prepared adsorbents
indicated that MnFe
2
O
4
nanoparticles were successfully
embedded into the biochar matrix, offering magnetic separability and
increasing the negative charges on the surface relative to the pristine
biochar. Batch adsorption tests indicated that the adsorption of lead
on MFSCBB-MCs was pH- and dose-dependent. The experimental results
were effectively fitted using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model
(
R
2
> 0.99) and the Langmuir isotherm
equation (
R
2
> 0.99), indicating the
main
chemisorption pathway and monolayer coverage process. Meanwhile, lead
adsorption was found to be spontaneous and endothermic, as shown by
the study of thermodynamic parameters. The maximum capacity,
q
m
, calculated from the Langmuir model was 155.21
mg·g
–1
at 25 °C, demonstrating excellent
adsorption capability compared with several previously reported bagasse
adsorbents. Based on adsorption mechanism analysis, physical adsorption,
electrostatic attraction, and complexation were all involved in the
lead(II) adsorption process on MFSCBB-MCs. Furthermore, the adsorbent
was easily regenerated as indicated by the high magnetic separation
and chemical desorption potential after five cycles, so it is a cost-effective
and environmentally favorable adsorbent for wastewater lead removal.