Adsorptive Removal of Fluoroquinolones from Water by Pectin-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles: Process Optimization Using a Spectrofluorimetric Assay

Abstract

The efficiency of adsorption of two photosensitive fluoroquinolones; Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Moxifloxacin (MOX), on the surface of synthesized magnetite/pectin nanoparticles (MPNPs) and magnetite/silica/pectin nanoparticles (MSPNPs) was studied from aqueous solution under varying experimental conditions. A validated spectrofluorimetric assay was developed for monitoring of CIP and MOX intact drugs and their photodegraded molecules concentrations. To optimize the working conditions which influence the drugs sorption, a 24 full factorial experimental design was implemented. The maximum percentage of removal was attained as 89% (type of sorbent = MSPNPs, pH = 7.0, initial drug concentration = 5 mg/L, and contact time = 30 min). The studied factorspH, NPs loading, initial drug concentration, and contact timewere significant for both types of sorbents. The most significant variable was pH, and the highest CIP and MOX adsorption occurred at pH = 7.0. Equilibrium isotherm data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips equations, and the Sips model showed the best fit with equilibrium isotherm data. Furthermore, pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were used to analyze sorption kinetics, and it was found that adsorption of the investigated fluoroquinolones followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. We believe that our synthesized NPs can be used as effective adsorbents for fluoroquinolones and their photodegraded molecules removal from aqueous solutions.

Energy-efficient carbon-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties under visible LED irradiation for degradation of gemifloxacin

“…Analysis was carried out at room temperature with a mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 3.5): acetonitrile (70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and detection at 270 nm. Separation efficiency was demonstrated using GEM photodegraded sample (150.00 μg/mL GEM, pH 7.0 in the presence of 0.6 mg/ mL commercial-grade TiO 2 NP, 1.25 mM H 2 O 2 , 254 nm for 22.5 min) and system suitability parameters were calculated according to the US Pharmacopeia 2011 [35].…”

“…The surface charge has always been associated with both the stability of NPs and efficiency as a photocatalyst [35,53]. Since the surface charge could vary according to pH, in this study the zeta potential was measured over a pH range 4.0-10.0, as described above.…”

“…Wastewater treatment has been considered one of the vital challenges studied recently [33]. Our research group has investigated the use of various types of NPs for industrial wastewater treatment including bare and modified TiO 2 NPs [34][35][36]. Herein, we aim to develop C-TiO 2 NP with an excellent photocatalytic response under visible light irradiation.…”

Progress in pectin based hydrogels for water purification: Trends and challenges

“…Green chemistry gives an important requisite for sustainable addition to human society due to deteriorating environment (Hao et al, 2018;Kaveeshwar et al, 2018;Pakdel and Peighambardoust, 2018). It is also called defendable chemistry and used to diminish or remove toxic components from environment (Attallah et al, 2017;Raizada et al, 2017). In our environment, water pollution is the biggest global problem (Ji et al, 2018).…”

Effective Removal of Levofloxacin from Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Synthesized Zinc Oxid, Graphen Oxid Nanoparticles Compared with their Combination

“…The literature survey revealed several photocatalytic degradations of LEVO using different photocatalysts such as the TiO 2 with drug degradation not more than 90% [17][18][19] , Bi 2 WO 6 nanocuboids with approximately 80% degradation in 150 min 20 , Ag/AgBr/BiOBr microplates under visible light with degradation about 74% under 90 min of irradiation 21 and a combination of Ag 2 O/TiO 2 quantum dots under visible light with 81% of LEVO degradation in 90 min 22 . There was a reported method for the removal of FQs using the magnetite pectin as adsorbent 23 . The need for a simple, effective and low-cost method entered the line with the emergence of a new science: the nanotechnology which has entered its applications in many fields.…”