Adsorptive Removal of Nitrophenols from Water by Biomass-Derived Carbon Nano-Onions

Waste-Derived Carbon Nano-Onions for the Removal of Organic Dye from Wastewater and Phytotoxicity Studies

“…The characteristic disorder (D band) and graphitic (G band) peaks were found at 1368 and 1590 cm –1 , respectively, using the Raman spectrum ( Figure 2 e). 45 D band showed that defects in the structure arise due to the A 1g vibrational mode, whereas the G peak showed that the graphitic nature of carbon arises due to the E 2g vibrational mode of aromatic C=C bond stretching. The CNOs show a high I D / I G value of ∼1.21, which suggests high structural defect and low graphitization.…”

Ecologically viable carbon nano-onions for the efficient removal of methyl orange azo dye and its environmental assessment

“…The C 1s spectrum before adsorption is composed of four characteristic peaks observed at 284 eV corresponding to CC, 284.25 eV corresponding to C–C, 285.93 eV corresponding to C–O and 288.9 eV corresponding to COO − functional groups. 45,46 These peaks are slightly shifted after adsorption of MO dye onto the CNOs and are observed with different binding energy positions at 283.93 eV, 283.95 eV, 285.22 eV and 287.04 eV, respectively. The increasing intensity of CC/C–C indicates that the abundance of the aromatic carbon skeleton increases; this may be due to π–π interaction occurring between CNOs and MO dye molecules.…”