Adult acne versus adolescent acne: a narrative review with a focus on epidemiology to treatment

Kutlu, Ömer; Karadağ, Ayşe Serap; Wollina, Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.abd.2022.01.006

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Premenstrual flare was recorded in most of the females. Premenstrual flare is thought to have a hormone-dependent effect in females: to be caused by increased water content of the pilosebaceous unit and blockage of the sebaceous duct opening [19, 23]. Premenstrual flares especially in PAA is frequently reported [6, 7, 14, 16, 22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Question of Adolescent and Postadolescent Acne: The Nigerian Experience

Anaba,

Sani,

Arabambi

2023

Skin Appendage Disord

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Introduction: Differences between adolescent and postadolescent acne are increasingly being recognized. This study aimed to document the clinical profile of facial acne vulgaris and, additionally, to compare adolescent to postadolescent acne and any gender-based differences. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study of 261 facial acne vulgaris patients was conducted from February 2021 to March 2022 at three dermatology clinics. Patients had their anthropometric measurements, type of acne lesions, and severity and scarring assessed. Results: A total of 261 patients (75.5% females) with a mean age of 24.5 (±7.4) years were diagnosed to have facial acne vulgaris. The severity of acne was mild in 44.8%, moderate in 48.3%, and severe in 6.9%. Acne was noninflammatory in 69.7%, inflammatory in 13.0%, and mixed in 17.2%. Adolescent and postadolescent acne significantly differed in the type of acne, BMI, type of acne lesions, and acne scarring. Gender-based differences included BMI, lesions of acne, and severity. Conclusion: There is an increasing prevalence of postadolescent acne with persistent being the most common category. There are significant differences between adolescent and postadolescent acne: type of acne, BMI, type of acne lesions, and acne scarring. Gender-based differences exist in both adolescent and postadolescent acne.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acne scars were more frequent in PAA compared to AA being present in 42.4% of AA compared to its presence in 79% of PAA. Acne scars although independent of severity depend on the duration of acne [14, 23]. PAA have a longer duration of acne: this accounts for the more scarring in PAA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Question of Adolescent and Postadolescent Acne: The Nigerian Experience

Anaba,

Sani,

Arabambi

2023

Skin Appendage Disord

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“…Acne is a globally common chronic inflammatory immune skin disease that can occur at any age (73). 5-Aminoketovaleric acid photodynamic therapy is clinically effective and safe in the treatment of patients with severe acne, but its exact mechanism is unknown, and a very interesting study showed that this therapy significantly upregulated the expression of various inflammation-related genes, triggered the polarization of macrophages to M1-type both in vitro and in vivo, and exerted its therapeutic effect by increasing the intense inflammatory response and breaking chronic inflammation (74), providing new insights into the study of inflammatory-immune skin diseases.…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the study of macrophage polarization in inflammatory immune skin diseases

Xia

Yang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In response to various microenvironmental stimuli, macrophages are highly plastic and primarily polarized into the pro-inflammatory M1-type and the anti-inflammatory M2-type, both of which perform almost entirely opposing functions. This characteristic determines that macrophages carry out various tasks during various stages of immunity and inflammation. An imbalance in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio is often observed in inflammatory immune skin diseases, and modulation of the macrophage polarization phenotype exacerbates or alleviates the associated symptoms. Therefore, this review presents the mechanisms of macrophage polarization, inflammation-related signaling pathways (JAK/STAT, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt) and the role of both in inflammatory immune skin diseases (psoriasis, AD, SLE, BD, etc.) with the aim of providing new directions for basic and clinical research of related diseases.

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“…На основании возраста дебюта и характера течения процесса выделяют три типа течения акне взрослых женщин [12,13]: ■ персистирующее (стойкое) -если акне дебютирует в подростковом возрасте и продолжается после 25 лет; ■ акне с поздним началом -если дебют акне происходит после 25 лет; ■ рецидивирующее акне -с дебютом в возрасте до 25 лет и периодическими рецидивами старше 25 лет.…”

Section: типы течения акнеunclassified

Adult female acne: relevance and possible solutions

et al. 2023

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In recent years, there has been an increase in the proportion of AFA in the structure of acne incidence. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is multicomponent and has not been fully elucidated. It is assumed that hormonal factors and chronic activation of innate immunity are involved in the process against the background of genetic predisposition, which are stimulated by external environmental factors: daily stress, Western-style diet, tobacco use, hormonal drugs, cosmetics. The article presents a modern classification of the clinical course of AFA and scales for assessing the severity of the course of the disease: GEA (Global Acne Severity Scale) and AFAST (Adult Female Acne Scoring Tool). AFA is predominantly characterized by a mild or moderate course. Treatment requires a personalized approach with particular attention to the individual needs and characteristics of adult women. When choosing a topical therapy, the doctor should consider the less pronounced oiliness of the skin, the slow progression of the disease with the outcome in hyperpigmentation and scarring. Modern acne treatment regimens include systemic and topical therapy along with proper basic skin care. The most effective topical agents include retinoids, which can induce a specific biological response by binding and activating retinoic acid receptors. Comedonal and mild papulopustular acne are indications for adapalene monotherapy for acne in adult women. Adaklin (0.1% adapalene) cream is a highly effective first choice for the pathogenetic treatment of AFA. Rational mono- and combination therapy with adapalene is the key to successful external therapy of mild and moderate AFA and prevention of post-acne. The review provided up-to-date, evidence-based information on the clinical presentation, etiopathogenesis, and treatment of adult female acne (AFA).

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Adult acne versus adolescent acne: a narrative review with a focus on epidemiology to treatment

Cited by 33 publications

References 82 publications

The Question of Adolescent and Postadolescent Acne: The Nigerian Experience

The Question of Adolescent and Postadolescent Acne: The Nigerian Experience

Advances in the study of macrophage polarization in inflammatory immune skin diseases

Adult female acne: relevance and possible solutions

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