Adult ADHD and working memory: Neural evidence of impaired encoding

Deficient interference control during working memory updating in adults with ADHD: An event-related potential study

“…To a lesser extent, abnormalities were identified in the N300 in terms of reduced amplitudes in children with the combined subtype of ADHD and increased latencies in adolescents with the inattentive subtype of ADHD, which reflects a distinct deficit in retrieval of memory representations in these subgroups. Findings of attenuated P300 amplitudes during WM tasks are also supported by Kim et al (2014), who studied ERPs during a delayed match-to-sample task in college students with ADHD and healthy controls. Since P300 amplitudes were reduced in ADHD subjects regardless of WM load, the authors suggest a general attentional allocation deficit during WM encoding.…”

“…However, abnormalities such as increased ERP amplitude variability (Myatchin et al, 2012), reduced ERP amplitudes (Keage et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2014), or atypical WM load effects on ERPs (Gomarus et al, 2009, Spronk et al, 2013 have been consistently found in children, adolescents, and adults with ADHD. Gomarus et al (2009) found the SRN (search-related negativity; a long latency wave 300 -600 ms post-stimulus) in a visual selective memory task to be insensitive to WM load in children with ADHD.…”

The effectiveness of computerized cognitive training on working memory in a school setting

“…Within the educational setting, WM has been linked to academic performance in core academic subject areas that include mathematics (Ramirez et al, 2013), reading comprehension (Baddeley, 2007), and writing (Swanson & Berninger, 1996), each of which is critical for achieving academic success. Conversely, deficits in WM capacity are related to neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Kim, Liu, Glizer, Tannock, & Woltering, 2014) and other learning disorders that can significantly impair academic performance within the classroom.…”

Event-Related Potentials Altered in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder during Working Memory Tasks

“…Linden (2005) found P3 to be related to brain regions involved in attention, such as the parietal lobe, temporo-parietal junction, lateral prefrontal areas, and cingulate gyrus. Studies about ADHD (Kim et al, 2014; Stroux et al, 2016), which is often comorbid with BPD (Speranza et al, 2011), concluded that a diminished P3 amplitude could be interpreted as an inefficient allocation of attention in WM. These observations suggest that there is abnormal neural activity on allocating attention resources in BPD patients.…”

“…ERPs are superior to behavioral or other neuroimaging measures, the latter of which have poor temporal resolution, when seeking information about the cognitive processing stages that contribute to WM abnormalities in BPD. Among the ERP components, N2 and P3 amplitudes have been reliably associated with WM function (Kim et al, 2014; Stroux et al, 2016). As a negative component was typical elicited between 200 ms and 350 ms poststimulus, N2 reflects retrieval of memory representations and perceptual comparisons (Patel and Azzam, 2005; Folstein and Van Petten, 2008).…”