Adult ADHD screening scores and hospitalization due to pedestrian injuries: a case-control study

Abstract

Abstracts Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adult ADHD screening scores and hospitalization due to pedestrian injuries in a sample of Iranian pedestrians. Methods Through a case-control study, a case population of 177 pedestrians injured by the vehicles in road traffic crashes were compared with 177 controls who lacked a record of intentional or unintentional injuries enrolled from various wards of Imam Reza University Hospital which is a specialty teaching hospital located in the same city with similar referral level. The cases and controls had an age range of 18–65 years and were matched on gender and age. ADHD symptom profile was assessed using the Persian Self-report Screening Version of the Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS-S:SV). The association of ADHD screening score and pedestrian injuries was investigated using multiple binary logistic regression to investigate the independent effect of ADHD index score on belonging to case group. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios were reported. Results Men comprised 86.4% of the study subjects. The crude odds ratios for all the four ADHD subscales to be associated with pedestrian injuries were 1.05, 1.08, and 1.04 for the subscales A (attention deficit), B (hyperactivity/impulsiveness) and ADHD index respectively. However, the association for subscale A was not statistically significant with a borderline p-value. The final multivariate analysis showed that variables associated with pedestrian injuries in the road traffic crashes were ADHD Index score (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.12); economic status (including household income and expenditure capacity); educational level and total walking time per 24 h. Conclusions Adult ADHD screening score can predict pedestrian injuries leading to hospitalization independently from sex, age, economic status, educational level and pedestrian exposure to traffic environment (average walking time).

Potential Mechanisms Underlying Suicidality in Autistic People with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Testing Hypotheses from the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide

“…Though previous research is scarce in relation to the mechanisms that might underpin an association between ADHD feature domains and suicidality, these findings corroborate the relationship between hyperactive/impulsive features and a range of behaviours and outcomes that might serve to desensitise individuals to pain and fear of death, including NSSI, [57][58][59] abusing substances and other risky behaviours, 76 getting accidentally injured or involved in accidents. 77,78 While we did not predict significant associations between inattentive features and our mediators, it is important to note that these features are, in fact, also associated with risky behaviour, accident and injury, and suicide itself in people with ADHD. 20,78,79 It is likely that this association is underpinned by different mechanisms, such as difficulties with cognitive control as opposed to sensation-seeking.…”

Understanding the factors of road crash severity in Benin: a matched case-control study

“…The matching criteria in this study were age and sex as in other studies. 19 , 20 After calculating the required sample size of 597, computerized random sampling in Stata 15 software was used to select 199 cases for 398 controls ( Figure 1 ).…”

<p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Patients with and without Head Trauma</p>

“…3,4 Many studies have been published on association of ADHD and accidents, the majority of which have shown that there is an increased likelihood of accidents and trauma among those suffering from ADHD both at childhood and adult age. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Various types of trauma and accidents have been investigated in this regard including burn injuries, fall injuries, motorcycle injuries, traffic injuries, and injuries as a whole.…”