Adult adjustment of survivors of institutional child abuse in Ireland

Carr, Alan; Dooley, Barbara; Fitzpatrick, Mark; Flanagan, Edel; Flanagan-Howard, Roisín; Tierney, Kevin; White, Megan; Daly, Margaret; Egan, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.11.003

Cited by 64 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…A strong effect was reported for a combination of any two categories, while the strongest effect, again, was reported for complex exposure including all three categories (Teicher, Samson, Polcari, & McGreenery, 2006). Exposure to at least two types of abuse was also reported by survivors of IA (Carr et al, 2010), so it may be assumed that anger plays a prominent role in symptoms in our sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…CA includes various types of violence against children such as sexual, emotional, and physical abuse and/or emotional and physical neglect (Vachon, Krueger, Rogosch, & Cicchetti, 2015). The investigation of mental health consequences related to prolonged complex interpersonal CA in institutional settings [abbreviated here as institutional abuse (IA)] started after media reports emerged on systematic IA in secular and ecclesiastical institutions such as foster care homes and boarding schools (Carr et al, 2010; Lueger-Schuster et al, 2014). IA encompasses the prolonged experience of various types of violence across childhood and adolescence in such institutions (Lueger-Schuster et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IA encompasses the prolonged experience of various types of violence across childhood and adolescence in such institutions (Lueger-Schuster et al, 2014). Apart from mental health issues, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other trauma-related disorders, survivors often report problems with anger and negative emotions such as shame (Carr et al, 2010; Keupp, Straus, Mosser, Hackenschmied, & Gmür, 2015; Wolfe, Francis, & Straatman, 2006). However, aspects of anger and shame have not been further investigated in the context of IA regarding their association with each other or with psychopathological symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, children and adolescents who experienced complex trauma, defined as two or more experiences of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse or neglect, showed the highest odds for having PTSD symptoms (Greeson et al, 2011). Consequently, in survivors of IA who experienced prolonged interpersonal complex trauma, there is a high prevalence of PTSD and other trauma-related disorders (Carr et al, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A network analysis of anger, shame, proposed ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder, and different types of childhood trauma in foster care settings in a sample of adult survivors

Glück

Knefel

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Anger and shame are aspects that are specifically associated with psychopathology and maladaptation after childhood abuse and neglect. They are known to influence symptom maintenance and exacerbation; however, their interaction is not fully understood. Objective: To explore with network analysis the association and interaction of prolonged, complex interpersonal childhood abuse and neglect in institutional foster care settings [institutional abuse (IA)] with anger, shame, and the proposed 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in adult survivors. Method: Adult survivors of IA (N = 220, mean age = 57.95 years) participated in the study and were interviewed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the International Trauma Questionnaire, the State–Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Displaced Aggression Questionnaire, and shame-related items. To identify the most central aspects, we used a staged network analysis and centrality analysis approach: (1) on the scale level; (2) on the item/symptom level; and (3) with modularity analysis to find communities within the item-level network. Results: Trait anger, anger rumination, emotional abuse, and PTSD re-experiencing symptoms played the most important roles on a scale level and were then further analyzed on the item/symptom level. The most central symptom on the item level was anger rumination related to meaningful past events. The modularity analysis supported discriminant validity of the included scales. Conclusions: Anger is an important factor in the psychopathological processes following childhood abuse. Anger rumination is closely related to PTSD symptoms; however, anger is not a part of the proposed ICD-11 PTSD in the present study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A network analysis of anger, shame, proposed ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder, and different types of childhood trauma in foster care settings in a sample of adult survivors

Glück

Knefel

2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…A literature search revealed that only one such investigation had been published. In a study of 247 adult survivors of multiple forms of institutional child abuse, Carr et al (2010) found that 81.7% met the diagnostic criteria for an anxiety, mood, substance use, or personality disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child maltreatment and adult psychopathology in an Irish context

Fitzhenry

Harte

Carr

et al. 2015

Child Abuse & Neglect

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One-hundred-ninety-nine adult mental health service users were interviewed with a protocol that included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interviews for Axis I and II DSM-IV disorders, the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, the SCORE family assessment measure, the Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule, and the Readiness for Psychotherapy Index. Compared to a U.S. normative sample, Irish clinical cases had higher levels of maltreatment. Cases with comorbid axis I and II disorders reported more child maltreatment than those with axis I disorders only. There was no association between types of CM and types of psychopathology. Current family adjustment and service needs (but not global functioning and motivation for psychotherapy) were correlated with a CM history. It was concluded that child maltreatment may contribute to the development of adult psychopathology, and higher levels of trauma are associated with co-morbid personality disorder, greater service needs and poorer family adjustment. A history of child maltreatment should routinely be determined when assessing adult mental health service users, especially those with personality disorders and where appropriate evidence-based psychotherapy which addresses childhood trauma should be offered.Child Maltreatment 3

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On the Road to Resilience: The Help‐Seeking Experiences of Irish Emigrant Survivors of Institutional Abuse

2015

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Understanding how survivors of complex trauma navigate towards resources can inform the design of interventions and health promotion strategies. However, there are little data on the resilience and help-seeking experiences of this group or others who have experienced institutional abuse in childhood. This empirical study sets out to illustrate the help-seeking experiences of Irish emigrant survivors of institutional childhood abuse (ICA). Twenty-two survivors of ICA were purposefully recruited from community organisations in the UK and data were collected via semi-structured interviews. As a result of negative initial help-seeking experiences in Ireland, most participants engaged in long periods of self-management and disclosed information about their childhood as part of a redress scheme in later life. Outside of this scheme, turning points, such as illness or family problems, and the needs of children were influential in seeking help. Peer support networks played an important role as a trusted signposting pathway towards formal interventions. Participants identified interpersonal barriers to formal helpseeking as helping professionals' failure to share control, insensitivity to identity loss and literacy issues, and the lack of explicit boundaries. The paper concludes with a discussion about the implications for research and future practice. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGES:• Turning points, such as illness and bereavement, and the desire to provide for children, influence the help-seeking of survivors of ICA.• Irish emigrant survivors of ICA cite failure to share control, insensitivity to identity loss, literacy issues and the lack of explicit boundaries as barriers to help-seeking.• General awareness of ICA can help practitioners in low-threshold services prevent against culturally insensitive practice.• Peer support networks can provide uniquely trusted signposting towards formal interventions.

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Adult adjustment of survivors of institutional child abuse in Ireland

Abstract: Publication informationChild Abuse and Neglect, 34 (7): 477-489Publisher Elsevier Item record/more information

Cited by 64 publications

References 30 publications

A network analysis of anger, shame, proposed ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder, and different types of childhood trauma in foster care settings in a sample of adult survivors

A network analysis of anger, shame, proposed ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder, and different types of childhood trauma in foster care settings in a sample of adult survivors

Child maltreatment and adult psychopathology in an Irish context

On the Road to Resilience: The Help‐Seeking Experiences of Irish Emigrant Survivors of Institutional Abuse

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