Adult and Cord-Blood Gamma-Globulin and Immunity to Malaria in Nigerians

Edozien, J. C.; Gilles, H. M.; Udeozo, I. O. K.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(62)90725-0

Cited by 130 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Maternal antibodies transferred across the placenta are considered the main contributor for protection against malaria in very young infants in highly endemic areas. 1,2,4,7,33,34 Our previous study showed that maternal and infant antimerozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) 19kDa antibodies are associated with protection against malaria infection in the same population. 35 In the present study, antibody responses to the tested antigenic determinants were not associated with protection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody responses to repetitive epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein, liver stage antigen-1, and merozoite surface protein-2 in infants residing in a Plasmodium falciparum-hyperendemic area of western Kenya. XIII. Asembo Bay Cohort Project.

Zhou¹,

Xiao²,

Branch³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The present study was initiated to characterize antibody responses to repetitive epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), liver stage antigen-1 (LSA-1), and merozoite surface protein-2 (MSP-2) of Plasmodium falciparum in infants residing in a P. falciparum-hyperendemic area of western Kenya. In this study, development and maintenance of these antibody responses in 28 infants were studied longitudinally by use of monthly serum samples collected from birth to age 1 year. Mother plasma and infant umbilical cord plasma were also tested to assess the transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies. Results showed that antibodies passively transferred from mothers were detectable for CSP, LSA-1, and MSP-2 repeat epitopes. Infants were able to mount and maintain a strong antibody response against LSA-1 in their first year of life. Infants often responded to CSP repeats, but with a much lower antibody titer. Antibody responses in infants against Fc27 and 3D7 repeats of MSP-2 were low throughout their first year. In addition, 51 infants whose first detected infection occurred at Ͼ 4 months of age were selected to determine antibody responses to the antigens tested upon their first and second detected infections. Antibody responses to LSA-1 and, to a lesser degree, CSP increased in positivity rates and titer upon second infection. Antibody responses to Fc27-type and 3D7-type repeats of MSP-2 were low upon both infections. There was no association between maternally transferred anti-LSA-1, anti-CSP, or anti-MSP-2 antibodies and an infant's first detected infection. No significant correlation was found between an infant's antibody responses to the 4 antigen repetitive epitopes and protection against malarial parasitemia during the first year of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody responses to repetitive epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein, liver stage antigen-1, and merozoite surface protein-2 in infants residing in a Plasmodium falciparum-hyperendemic area of western Kenya. XIII. Asembo Bay Cohort Project.

Zhou¹,

Xiao²,

Branch³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…This control of infections is probably a consequence of maternal malaria-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies acquired across the placenta (EDOZIEN et al, 1962;MCGREGOR, 1964), or of an effect of fetal haemoglobin (EASVOL et al, 1977). However, this ascendency of the child's defences is only temporary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

11. Premunition in Plasmodium falciparum infection: insights from the epidemiology of multiple infections

Smith

Felger

Tanner

et al. 1999

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

178

156

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Epidemiological studies of multiple clone infections by Plasmodium falciparum in highly endemic areas have demonstrated age dependence in both the multiplicity of infection and the relationships between this multiplicity and the risk of acute illness. We hypothesize that, in infants, host defence against blood-stage infections with I? falciparum relies mainly on fever and cytokine activities, and the infections are of short duration. In older children, a high multiplicity of infection is characteristic of low-level chronic parasitaemia. This appears to confer cross-protection against newly inoculated parasites, via partially genotypespecific responses which are short-term, lasting little longer than the infections themselves. This has important implications for our understanding of immunity against l?faZciparum, its ecological niche, and the epidemiological impact of interventions against it.

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“…[6][7][8] Involvement of antibodies in immune protection against P. falciparum blood stages has been established by passive antibody transfer studies in humans. In these studies, several investigators have found that passive transfer of IgGs from immune adults to nonimmune infected children causes a marked decrease in P. falciparum parasitemias 1,[9][10][11][12] Investigations from the laboratory of Druilhe identified the cooperation of antibodies with monocytes in protection against malaria. [13][14][15] In these studies, pooled sera and purified antibodies from west African immune adults were found to inhibit parasite growth in the presence of monocytes via antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI), while the purified antibodies alone enhanced parasite growth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effect and interaction of monocytes, hyperimmune sera, and immunoglobulin G on the growth of asexual stage Plasmodium falciparum parasites.

Shi¹,

Udhayakumar²,

Oloo³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Using a flow cytometry-based parasite growth inhibition assay (GIA) and an antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI) assay, we have assessed the differential effect and interaction of monocytes, immune sera, and purified immunoglobulins from Kenyan adults on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in vitro. We found that monocytes from 14 different normal, healthy, non-malaria-exposed donors had varying effects on parasite growth, i.e., inhibition or enhancement of parasitemia, suggesting heterogeneity in anti-parasitic activities of monocytes from individual donors. Twenty-two serum samples collected from clinically immune adults from western Kenya inhibited growth of P. falciparum after 48 hr in culture. In contrast, all IgG preparations, except one, purified from the same serum samples enhanced parasite growth. In ADCI experiments, of the 22 purified IgG samples used, 11 showed ADCI activities with specific growth inhibition (SGI) of more than 10%, with the highest at 27.6%, and the remaining 11 IgG samples had an SGI of less than 10%. Our results also showed that the ratio of IgG1 to IgG3 antibodies, as determined by an indirect immunofluorescence assay, was higher in the high ADCI response group than in the low response group, suggesting that a higher concentration of IgG1 antibodies with a higher IgG1/IgG3 ratio might be associated with ADCI activities. The present study has resulted in the development of simple, reproducible flow cytometry-based GIA and ADCI assays, and also provides baseline information for further investigation of the role of ADCI activity in naturally acquired immune protection against malaria.Development of acquired protective immunity against malaria in human is epidemiologically well documented, but the characteristics of protective immunity are not fully understood. Available immunologic evidence suggests that both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses are essential components of this immunity. 1,2 The development of continuous cultivation of the blood-stage of Plasmodium falciparum by Trager and Jensen 3 provided the basis for the development of the growth inhibition assay (GIA) for assessing the effect of antibodies and other immune factors on parasite invasion and development in erythrocytes. Subsequent in vitro studies revealed that purified IgGs from immune adults resident in malaria-endemic areas inhibit the invasion and development of parasites in vitro. 4,5 This approach has led to the identification of several vaccine candidate antigens from the blood stage of P. falciparum. [6][7][8] Involvement of antibodies in immune protection against P. falciparum blood stages has been established by passive antibody transfer studies in humans. In these studies, several investigators have found that passive transfer of IgGs from immune adults to nonimmune infected children causes a marked decrease in P. falciparum parasitemias 1,9-12 Investigations from the laboratory of Druilhe identified the cooperation of antibodies with monocytes in protection against mala...

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Adult and Cord-Blood Gamma-Globulin and Immunity to Malaria in Nigerians

Cited by 130 publications

References 15 publications

Antibody responses to repetitive epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein, liver stage antigen-1, and merozoite surface protein-2 in infants residing in a Plasmodium falciparum-hyperendemic area of western Kenya. XIII. Asembo Bay Cohort Project.

Antibody responses to repetitive epitopes of the circumsporozoite protein, liver stage antigen-1, and merozoite surface protein-2 in infants residing in a Plasmodium falciparum-hyperendemic area of western Kenya. XIII. Asembo Bay Cohort Project.

11. Premunition in Plasmodium falciparum infection: insights from the epidemiology of multiple infections

Differential effect and interaction of monocytes, hyperimmune sera, and immunoglobulin G on the growth of asexual stage Plasmodium falciparum parasites.

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