Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a Narrative Review of Biological Mechanisms, Treatments, and Outcomes

Pagán, Antonio F.; Huizar, Yazmine P.; Short, Tucker R.; Gotcher, Zoe; Schmidt, Adam T.

doi:10.1007/s11910-023-01280-4

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 88 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Currently, no reliable lab tests can predict ADHD. Its symptoms are usually associated with disruptions in the genes that control specific dopamine transporters (DRD5, DRD2, DRD4) [39]. Furthermore, structural changes in the prefrontal cortex, corpus striatum, cerebellum, and white matter pathways have been implicated in ADHD's pathophysiology [39].…”

Section: Toxicokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its symptoms are usually associated with disruptions in the genes that control specific dopamine transporters (DRD5, DRD2, DRD4) [39]. Furthermore, structural changes in the prefrontal cortex, corpus striatum, cerebellum, and white matter pathways have been implicated in ADHD's pathophysiology [39]. The dopamine and norepinephrine systems have been proposed as the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that lead to ADHD [39,40].…”

Section: Toxicokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, structural changes in the prefrontal cortex, corpus striatum, cerebellum, and white matter pathways have been implicated in ADHD's pathophysiology [39]. The dopamine and norepinephrine systems have been proposed as the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that lead to ADHD [39,40]. Dopamine transporter deficiencies (DAT) impair attention, while changes in dopamine receptor responses contribute to delayed brain maturation in individuals with ADHD [39].…”

Section: Toxicokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dopamine and norepinephrine systems have been proposed as the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that lead to ADHD [39,40]. Dopamine transporter deficiencies (DAT) impair attention, while changes in dopamine receptor responses contribute to delayed brain maturation in individuals with ADHD [39]. Dopamine dysfunction also affects executive functions, learning, and overall inattention [40].…”

Section: Toxicokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Therapeutic Potential of Amphetamine-like Psychostimulants

Pires,

Rosendo,

Brinca

et al. 2023

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review delves into the therapeutic applications of amphetamine-type stimulants such as lisdexamphetamine dimesylate, mixed amphetamine salts, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), dextroamphetamine, and phentermine. These compounds have been investigated for their potential in treating a range of psychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), drug dependence, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obesity. Lisdexamphetamine dimesylate has shown promise in effectively treating ADHD symptoms in both children and adults. Additionally, it has been explored as a potential treatment for drug dependency and withdrawal, demonstrating encouraging results. Mixed amphetamine salts have also exhibited efficacy in reducing ADHD symptoms in adults. Future research should explore their potential use in treating bipolar disorder and cocaine dependence, considering the associated risks and benefits. MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has emerged as an innovative approach to treating PTSD, leading to sustained reductions in symptoms and even promoting post-traumatic growth. Furthermore, it has shown promise in managing anxiety related to life-threatening illnesses. Dextroamphetamine and phentermine have demonstrated efficacy in treating cocaine and opioid dependence, ADHD, and obesity. However, careful consideration and monitoring by medical professionals are essential due to the potential risks and benefits associated with them. In conclusion, amphetamine-type stimulants present a promising avenue for therapeutic interventions in various psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, further research is necessary to comprehensively understand their mechanisms of action, dosage requirements, and long-term effects in different patient populations.

show abstract

Section: Toxicokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicokineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Therapeutic Potential of Amphetamine-like Psychostimulants

Pires,

Rosendo,

Brinca

et al. 2023

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a global prevalence of about 6% and is considered to be the most common neurodevelopmental disorder among children [1,2] . The main symptoms of ADHD manifest as distractibility, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and executive dysfunction, which are most often seen in school-age children and often persist into adulthood [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jump Rope Exercise Improves Executive Function in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Li,

Huang,

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: This study investigated the effects of an easily implemented 8-week program centered around jump rope exercise (JRE) on executive function among children with ADHD. Methods: Using the Stroop Color Word Test to assess inhibitory control, the n-back task (1- and 2-back) to assess working memory, and task switching to assess cognitive flexibility. Results: After the intervention, there were within-group effects only for the experimental group, with higher accuracy on the 1-back working memory task (t= -2.79，p= 0.011< 0.05，Cohen’s d= 0.60) and on task switching after compared with before the JRE intervention (t= -4.00，p=0.01<0.05，Cohen’s d= 0.85), but with no change in reaction time. There was no significant within-group difference on the Stroop test (P> 0.05). Additionally, there were no between-group effects as assessed by one-way analyses of variance. Conclusion: 8-week program focused on JRE improved two aspects of executive function, working memory and cognitive flexibility, with no significant effect on a third aspect, inhibitory control, among children with ADHD aged 7 to 12 years.

show abstract