Adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among the prison inmates: An investigation of the executive function differences and comorbidity effects

Hamzeloo, Mohammad; Մաշհադի, Ալի; Fadardi, Javad Salehi; Ghahremanzadeh, Melika

doi:10.1111/ajpy.12201

“…Contrary to previous ndings showing that individuals with ADHD exhibit di culties in cognitive control tasks that require inhibitory control (Hamzeloo et al, 2018;Sergeant et al, 2002;Thorell et al, 2017;Willcutt et al, 2005), our results did not reveal any difference in cognitive control ability (congruity effect) between individuals reporting ADHD symptoms and controls. Although numerous prior studies indicated cognitive control di culties among these individuals (for review see Craig et al, 2016), some failed to nd a difference between ADHD and typical individuals in cognitive control tasks (e.g., Spencer-Smith & Klingberg, 2015).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Emotion Control Training Enhances Reappraisal Success Among Individuals With Reported ADHD Symptoms

Hamerman

¹

,

Cohen

²

2022

Preprint

0

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Previous research indicates that training individuals to recruit cognitive control before exposure to negative pictures can facilitate the propensity to use reappraisal and reappraisal success. Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience difficulties in cognitive control and emotion regulation, so they may especially benefit from such training. Individuals reporting high ADHD symptoms and controls were randomly assigned to one of two training conditions. In the high emotion control (H-EC) training condition, negative pictures were typically preceded by a stimulus that recruits cognitive control. In contrast, in the low emotion control (L-EC) training condition, negative pictures were typically preceded by a stimulus that does not recruit cognitive control. Participants were then asked to recall an adverse personal event and to reappraise the event. As predicted, instructed reappraisal was more effective in reducing negative mood in the H-EC training compared to the L-EC training. Furthermore, compared to controls, individuals with reported ADHD symptoms showed a greater propensity to use reappraisal after writing the event and a more considerable reduction in event significance and negativity following the instructed reappraisal assignment. We argue that employing cognitive control over emotional information has a causal role in reappraisal use and success among individuals with ADHD symptoms.

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“…33.4 ( n.a. ) 14 (56) IA 1 (4) HI 10 (40) C n.a n.a - + + Hadas et al ( 2021 ) Not enrolled 52 ADHD 49 HC 80.36 67.31 25.7 (0.5) 26 (0.3) n.a n.a n.a - (1 week) - n.a Hamzeloo et al ( 2018 ) Not enrolled 30 ADHD 30 HC 100 29.38 (6.10) n.a n.a 7.78, (2.48) n.a + + Kamradt et al ( 2014 ) Mixed 170 ADHD 83 HC 54.7 56.1 23.8 (4.7) 20.1 (2.9) 65 (38.2) IA 10 (5.8) HI 95 (55.8) C n.a n.a - (24 h to 48 h) + + Lampe et al ( 2007 ) Patient 22 (16) ADHD 20 (17) HC 63.63 30 29.95 (8.2) 28.7 (6.9) 14 (63.64) IA 1 (4.55) HI 7 (31.82) C 111.00 (11.6) 114.2 (8.5) n.a - (4 weeks) - - Linhartová et al ( 2021 ) Patient 26 ADHD 26 HC 73 ...…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Assessing Inhibitory Control Deficits in Adult ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Stop-signal Task

Senkowski

¹

,

Ziegler

²

,

Singh

³

et al. 2023

Neuropsychol Rev

11

0

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In recent years, there has been an increasing quest in improving our understanding of the neurocognitive deficits underlying adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Current statistical manuals of psychiatric disorders emphasize inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, but empirical studies have also shown consistent alterations in inhibitory control. To date, there is no established neuropsychological test to assess inhibitory control deficits in adult ADHD. A common paradigm for assessing response inhibition is the stop-signal task (SST). Following PRISMA-selection criteria, our systematic review and meta-analysis integrated the findings of 26 publications with 27 studies examining the SST in adult ADHD. The meta-analysis, which included 883 patients with adult ADHD and 916 control participants, revealed reliable inhibitory control deficits, as expressed in prolonged SST response times, with a moderate effect size $$g$$ g = 0.51 (95% CI: 0.376–0.644,$$p$$ p < 0.0001). The deficits were not moderated by study quality, sample characteristics or clinical parameters, suggesting that they may be a phenotype in this disorder. The analyses of secondary outcome measures revealed greater SST omission errors and reduced go accuracy in patients, indicative of altered sustained attention. However, only few (N < 10) studies were available for these measures. Our meta-analysis suggests that the SST, in conjunction with other tests and questionnaires, could become a valuable tool for assessing inhibitory control deficits in adult ADHD.

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Emotion control training enhances reappraisal success among individuals with reported ADHD symptoms

Hamerman

¹

,

Cohen

²

2022

Sci Rep

3

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous research indicates that training individuals to recruit cognitive control before exposure to negative pictures can facilitate the propensity to use reappraisal and reappraisal success. Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience difficulties in cognitive control and emotion regulation, so they may especially benefit from such training. Individuals reporting high ADHD symptoms and controls were randomly assigned to one of two training conditions. In the high emotion control (H-EC) training condition, negative pictures were typically preceded by a stimulus that recruits cognitive control. In contrast, in the low emotion control (L-EC) training condition, negative pictures were typically preceded by a stimulus that does not recruit cognitive control. Participants were then asked to recall an adverse personal event and to reappraise the event. As predicted, instructed reappraisal was more effective in reducing negative mood in the H-EC training compared to the L-EC training. Furthermore, compared to controls, individuals with reported ADHD symptoms showed a greater propensity to use reappraisal after writing the event and a more considerable reduction in event significance and negativity following the instructed reappraisal assignment. We argue that employing cognitive control over emotional information has a causal role in reappraisal use and success among individuals with ADHD symptoms.

show abstract

Adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder among the prison inmates: An investigation of the executive function differences and comorbidity effects

Cited by 4 publications

References 59 publications

Emotion Control Training Enhances Reappraisal Success Among Individuals With Reported ADHD Symptoms

Emotion Control Training Enhances Reappraisal Success Among Individuals With Reported ADHD Symptoms

Assessing Inhibitory Control Deficits in Adult ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Stop-signal Task

Emotion control training enhances reappraisal success among individuals with reported ADHD symptoms

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