Adult female acne and associated risk factors: Results of a multicenter case-control study in Italy

Landro, Anna Di; Cazzaniga, Simone; Cusano, Francesco; Bonci, Angela; Cardinali, Carla; Musumeci, Maria Letizia; Patrizi, Annalisa; Bettoli, Vincenzo; Pezzarossa, Enrico; Caproni, Marzia; Fortina, Anna Belloni; Campione, Elena; Ingordo, Vito; Naldi, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2016.06.060

Cited by 62 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A recent case-control study reported the presence of hirsutism in 17.4% of 248 women with acne (significantly higher rates compared to 3.7% in controls, P < 0.001), similarly to our results. 7 Polycystic ovary syndrome was found in 19% of adult women with acne in our study. The presence of PCOS in adult acne patients has been evaluated in a limited number of studies 7,10,11 reporting statistically significant higher rates of PCOS in females with acne compared to controls; 26.9% of 52 patients 18-35 years old, 10 37.3% of 51 patients 15-46 years old, 12 or 27.2% of 248 adult patients 7 ( Table 2).…”

supporting

confidence: 50%

“…3 A dramatic improvement of the skin appearance on the application site of imiquimod has been observed in patients with XP. [2][3][4][5][6][7] We report two children with XP treated with imiquimod 5% cream, establishing a chemoprophylaxis for cancerization field. Patient 1: A diagnosis of XP was established in a 5-yearold boy with a BCC on his eyelid and multiple hyperpigmented macules on his face (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A retrospective case series of referrals to our psychodermatology clinic 2009–2016

Roche

Switzer

Ramsay

2018

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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supporting

confidence: 50%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective case series of referrals to our psychodermatology clinic 2009–2016

Roche

Switzer

Ramsay

2018

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…2). Two case-control studies were excluded from the meta-analysis due to study design, but their results were still in line with the observed trend in the meta-analysis 11,25 . In addition, a study seems to suggest a possible additive effect of maternal Continued and paternal family history on the prevalence of acne, as a larger odds ratio of 2.6 is observed if both parents have acne, compared to an odds ratio of 2.1 and 1.7 for maternal and paternal acne, respectively 26 .…”

Section: Genetic and Hormonal Factors That Influence Acne Presentatiomentioning

confidence: 64%

Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris

Heng

Chew

2020

Sci Rep

296

221

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A systematic review was conducted on epidemiology studies on acne obtained from a Web of Science search to study risk factors associated with acne presentation and severity. A strong association was observed between several risk factors -family history, age, BMi and skin type -and acne presentation or severity in multiple studies. The pooled odds ratio of 2.36 (95% CI 1.97-2.83) for overweight/obese BMI with reference to normal/underweight BMI and the pooled odds ratio of 2.91 (95% CI 2.58-3.28) for family history in parents with reference to no family history in parents demonstrate this strong association. In addition, a pooled odds ratio of 1.07 (95% CI 0.42-2.71) was obtained for sex (males with reference to females). However, the association between other factors, such as dietary factors and smoking, and acne presentation or severity was less clear, with inconsistent results between studies. Thus, further research is required to understand how these factors may influence the development and severity of acne. This study summarizes the potential factors that may affect the risk of acne presentation or severe acne and can help researchers and clinicians to understand the epidemiology of acne and severe acne. Furthermore, the findings can direct future acne research, with the hope of gaining insight into the pathophysiology of acne so as to develop effective acne treatments. Acne epidemiologyThe Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 found that acne vulgaris (henceforth acne) is the eight most common skin disease, with an estimated global prevalence (for all ages) of 9.38% 1 . In different countries and among different age groups, the prevalence of acne varies, with estimates ranging from 35% to close to 100% of adolescents having acne at some point 2 . Symptoms and impacts of AcneAcne patients typically present with comedones, papules and pustules 3 . Comedones can be subdivided into two types -open comedones (blackheads), which are clogged follicles with openings exposing its contents to the air, and closed comedones (white heads), which are clogged follicles without an opening 4 . Papules are raised lesions on the skin that are smaller than 1 cm in diameter while pustules are similar to papules but inflamed and filled with pus 4 . In patients with severe acne, nodules and cysts -inflamed, swollen lesions that are at least 5 mm large -may be present 3,4 . In addition, other symptoms such as the scars, erythema and hyperpigmentation may be observed in acne patients 4 .On top of discomfort due to the clinical symptoms of acne, patients may experience other negative impacts. A study observed significantly higher unemployment rates among acne cases relative to controls, suggesting a correlation between acne and employment 5 . Further, acne has been found to adversely affect the social life 6 , self-esteem and body image of individuals and is often co-morbid with psychological disorders including depression and anxiety 3 . Additionally, acne is associated with substantial financial costs, with one study estimating that...

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“…Several level C papers reported that a low intake of fruits or vegetables triggers acne, especially in the female population, while the Mediterranean diet, rich of vegetables and fruits and unsaturated fatty acids, positively impacts acne …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…99 Several level C papers reported that a low intake of fruits or vegetables triggers acne, especially in the female population, while the Mediterranean diet, rich of vegetables and fruits and unsaturated fatty acids, positively impacts acne. 100,101 Nutrition and potential targets in acne Keratinocytes Abnormal follicular keratinization is important for comedone formation in acne. Diet-induced changes in sebum quantity and composition may not only induce the inflammation of acne but may also drive the process of comedogenesis.…”

Section: Nutrients Which Are Potentially Beneficial In Acnementioning

confidence: 99%

Acne and nutrition: hypotheses, myths and facts

Claudel¹,

Auffret²,

Leccia

et al. 2018

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Acne is an inflammatory and multifactorial skin disease. Different external and internal factors, including air pollution, aggressive skincare products, medication, mechanical, hormonal and familial factors and, more recently, lifestyle and stress, have been suggested as having an impact on acne. Moreover, for many years nutrition was believed to cause or worsen acne. Over the last decades, however, it has become a dermatological doctrine that there is no direct association between diet and acne. Even if recent research has allowed to identify certain nutritional elements and behaviour that may impact on acne, including the excessive intake of dairy products and hyperglycaemic food, modern lifestyle nutrition, obesity and eating disorders, knowledge about the role of nutrition in the physiopathology of acne still remains sparse and hypotheses and myths continue to dominate the debate. Thus, further clinical and translational research is necessary to investigate and confirm the association between nutrition and acne.

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Adult female acne and associated risk factors: Results of a multicenter case-control study in Italy

Abstract: Lifestyle factors may play an important role for acne development in adulthood, but their role should be further assessed in prospective studies.

Cited by 62 publications

References 19 publications

A retrospective case series of referrals to our psychodermatology clinic 2009–2016

A retrospective case series of referrals to our psychodermatology clinic 2009–2016

Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris

Acne and nutrition: hypotheses, myths and facts

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