Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Testis: A Case Report with a Review of the Literature

Dieckmann, Klaus‐Peter; Bertolini, Julia; Wülfing, Christian

doi:10.1155/2019/7156154

Cited by 10 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Histopathologically, the adult-type GCTs are identified as solid and/or cystic tumors (10). Laterality has been reported in most documented adult-type GCT cases in males (25). The histological/pathological criteria or clinical features that predict the malignant/benign disposition of TGCTs are not well defined.…”

Section: Tgcts: Subtypes and Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adult-type TGCTs are extremely rare, with 91 cases described to date ( 25 ). Microscopically, the tumor cells have vague cell borders and pale nuclei containing nuclear grooves ( 10 , 26 ).…”

Section: Tgcts: Subtypes and Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It appears that tumor size (>5 cm), but not mitotic count, tumor necrosis or other parameters, is positively associated with the malignancy of adult-type TGCTs ( 29 ). Orchidectomy and testis-sparing surgery have been used to treat TGCTs ( 25 ). Currently, it remains unclear with regard to the genetic or molecular determinants that contribute to the phenotypic and prognostic outcomes of the juvenile-type versus the adult-type TGCTs.…”

Section: Tgcts: Subtypes and Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insights into testicular granulosa cell tumors (Review)

Fang

2020

Oncol Lett

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Testicular granulosa cell tumors (TGCTs) are rare tumors of sex cord-stromal origin. TGCTs are mostly benign and can be classified into the adult type and the juvenile type. Due to the rarity of clinical cases and limited research efforts, the mechanism underpinning the development of TGCTs remains poorly understood. A landmark study has identified a forkhead box L2 mutation (C134W) in nearly all adult ovarian GCTs, but its implications in TGCTs are unclear. The present study focuses on reviewing the major signaling pathways (e.g., the transforming growth factor β signaling pathway) critical for the development of TGCTs, as revealed by genetically modified mouse models, with a goal of providing new insights into the pathogenesis of TGCTs and offering directions for future studies in this area. We posit that a comparative approach between testicular and ovarian GCTs is valuable, as granulosa cells and Sertoli cells arise from the same progenitor cells during gonadal development. Developing pre-clinical mouse models that recapitulate TGCTs will help answer the remaining questions around this type of rare tumor. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Tumors in the testes 3. TGCTs: Subtypes and histopathology 4. FOXL2 mutation in GCT development 5. Genetically modified mouse models to study TGCTs 6. Concluding remarks and future directions

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Section: Tgcts: Subtypes and Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tgcts: Subtypes and Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tgcts: Subtypes and Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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New insights into testicular granulosa cell tumors (Review)

Fang

2020

Oncol Lett

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“…Endocrine symptoms [gynecomastia (>15%), rarely Cushing syndrome, precocious puberty] are frequently observed in Leydig and granulosa cell tumours. Germ cell tumours and sex-cord stromal tumours are seen more commonly in young patients and are mostly benign, and approximately 5% to 10% have malignant behaviour (Conkey et al, 2005;Dieckmann et al, 2019). Patients with stage I disease and malignant characteristics had a lower 5-year survival rate (77-94%) compared to those with stage I germ cell tumour (98%).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Tumours of the Testis: Twelve Years of Experience

2020

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Rare tumours of the testis includes a wide variety of tumours. We aim to present clinical and histological characteristics of our patients with rare tumours of the testis. The medical records of 33 patients who were treated and followed-up for testicular rare tumours in our center between 2007 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Of all the 243 testicular tumours, 222 cases (91.4%) were germ cell tumours and 21 cases (8.6%) were non-germ cell tumours. Thirty-three rare tumours of the testis including rare germ cell tumours and non-germ cell tumours were detected. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 34 years (range 18–68 years). The histological types of rare testicular tumours were as follows: teratoma 4.5% (n=11), sex-cord stromal tumours 4.5% (n=11), paratesticular tumours 3.2% (n=8), and the others [lymphoma 0.4% (n=1), mesothelioma 0.4% (n=1) and choriocarcinoma 0.4% (n=1)]. The median duration of follow-up was 32 months (range 1 to 256 months). None of the patients with non-metastatic disease stage developed recurrence after having received appropriate therapy. Metastatic disease was documented in 9 cases at the time of diagnosis (five patients with teratomas, two patients with Leydig cell tumour, one patient with choriocarcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma). The most common subtypes of testicular rare tumours in our center was teratoma and sex-cord stromal tumours. Because of testicular rare tumours have different biological features and different clinical outcomes, the management of each tumour requires a different approach.

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“… 2 Less than 100 cases of adult‐type granulosa cell tumors have been reported to date of which the youngest was 12 years old of age and none of them had over 30 years history duration with reported duration varying from 2 weeks to 10 years. 3 , 4 , 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%