Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency – Benefits, Side Effects, and Risks of Growth Hormone Replacement

Reed, Mary Lim; Merriam, George R.; Kargi, Atil Y.

doi:10.3389/fendo.2013.00064

Cited by 92 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…However, body weight and BMI did not show significant change. Previous studies showed that GH therapy is effective in increasing lean body mass, decreasing fat mass, and decreasing central adiposity2). However, body composition was not checked in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Efficacy of growth hormone therapy in adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency

Kim

Cho

Yoo

et al. 2014

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab

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PurposeGrowth hormone (GH) plays a key role in the regulation of body composition, lipid metabolism, and quality of life in adults with GH deficiency (GHD). This study investigated changes in laboratory findings and body composition after GH recommencement for adult GHD and analyzed correlation between GH interruption period and endocrine or anthropometric parameters.MethodsA total of 45 patients (17 females and 28 males) diagnosed with childhood-onset GHD (CO-GHD) were investigated and all patients had organic brain lesions. Patients diagnosed CO-GHD were retested to confirm adult GHD at age 20.4±5.0 years (18.0-32.1 years). Recombinant human GH was administered at a dose of 0.44 mg/day. Clinical and laboratory parameters such as weight, height, body mass index (BMI), serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, were compared between baseline and 12 months after treatment using paired t-test. In addition, correlation between GH interruption period and clinical parameters including BMI, lipid profile, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3, was analyzed.ResultsOf 45 patients, 33 patients had GH interruption period of 4.3±3.6 years (0.7-12.5 years). Serum HDL-cholesterol level increased significantly, whereas LDL-cholesterol decreased after 1 year of GH replacement therapy. However, body weight and BMI showed no significant changes after 1 year of GH replacement therapy. There were no significant correlations between GH interruption period and lipid profile or anthropometric parameters.ConclusionBMI and body weight were not affected by GH replacement. However, GH replacement in adults with GHD offers benefits in lipid metabolism.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Efficacy of growth hormone therapy in adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency

Kim

Cho

Yoo

et al. 2014

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab

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“…In the process, GH has acquired a truer identity of not just a hormone responsible for longitudinal growth and organ development, but one with distinct catabolic and anabolic roles across many tissue types in the body and throughout the lifespan of an individual. The clinical conditions of GH excess usually due to a hypersecreting pituitary adenoma (acromegaly)(1) or of GH resistance/insensitivity due to multiple inactivating mutations on the GHR gene (Laron Syndrome; LS) (2,3,4), or congenital or adult-onset or acquired GH deficiency (GHD) (5,6,7,8) have been and are of critical importance to study the spectrum of GH actions. Laron's seminal work with the Israeli cohort of LS patients (3,4,9,10) and Guevara's subsequent 22-year follow-up study on the Ecuadorian cohort (11,12) of LS patients along with extensive work with GHR knock-out (GHRKO) mice developed 25 years ago in our laboratory (13) have been instrumental in helping to define GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Lessons from growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted mice: are there benefits of endocrine defects?

Basu

Qian

Kopchick

2018

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Growth hormone (GH) is produced primarily by anterior pituitary somatotroph cells. Numerous acute human (h) GH treatment and long-term follow-up studies and extensive use of animal models of GH action have shaped the body of GH research over the past 40-50 years. Work on the GH receptor (R) knock-out (GHRKO) mice and results of studies on GH resistant Laron Syndrome (LS) patients have helped define many physiological actions of GH including those dealing with metabolism, obesity, cancer, diabetes, cognition, and aging/longevity. In this review, we have discussed several issues dealing with these biological effects of GH and attempt to answer the question of whether decreased GH action may be beneficial.

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“…Patients with growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD), whether developed in childhood or adulthood (AGHD), require GH replacement therapy to support attainment of normal adult height [1] or to prevent the long-term complications of AGHD, and consequently improve quality of life [2,3]. Consensus guidelines for the treatment of children with GHD recommend that GH is administered by subcutaneous injection in the evening on a daily basis, adjusting the dosage (mg/kg/day) based on body weight or body surface area [1,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Once-Weekly Somapacitan in Children and Adults: Supporting Dosing Rationales with a Model-Based Analysis of Three Phase I Trials

et al. 2018

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Background Somapacitan, a long-acting growth hormone (GH) derivative, has been well-tolerated in children with GH deficiency (GHD) and adults (healthy and adult GHD), in phase I, single-and multiple-dose trials, respectively, and has pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties supporting a once-weekly dosing regimen. Objective In the absence of a multiple-dose phase I trial in children with GHD, the aim was to develop a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to predict somapacitan exposure and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) response after once-weekly multiple doses in both children and adults with GHD. Methods Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models were developed from pharmacokinetic and IGF-I profiles in three phase I trials of somapacitan (doses: healthy adults, 0.01-0.32 mg/kg; adult with GHD, 0.02-0.12 mg/kg; children with GHD, 0.02-0.16 mg/kg) using non-linear mixed-effects modeling. Pharmacokinetics were described using a non-linear one-compartment model with dual firstand zero-order absorption through a transit compartment, with saturable elimination. IGF-I profiles were described using an indirect response pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model, with sigmoidal-effect relationship. Results The non-linear pharmacokinetic and IGF-I data were well-described in order to confidently predict pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles after multiple doses in adults and children with GHD.

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Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency – Benefits, Side Effects, and Risks of Growth Hormone Replacement

Cited by 92 publications

References 162 publications

Efficacy of growth hormone therapy in adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency

Efficacy of growth hormone therapy in adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Lessons from growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted mice: are there benefits of endocrine defects?

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Once-Weekly Somapacitan in Children and Adults: Supporting Dosing Rationales with a Model-Based Analysis of Three Phase I Trials

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