Adult Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Controversy and Evidence

Lee, Hyun Ah; Thuret, Sandrine

doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2018.04.002

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This led to great controversy, and very recent publications question or contradict these postmortem findings [38,39,40], although there is a possibility that neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus can be deregulated by neurological diseases, such as epilepsy or behavioral disorders [41], which would explain the current divergent opinions about the persistence of adult neurogenesis in man throughout life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with Growth Hormone (GH) Increased the Metabolic Activity of the Brain in an Elder Patient, Not GH-Deficient, Who Suffered Mild Cognitive Alterations and Had an ApoE 4/3 Genotype

Devesa¹,

Núñez²,

Agra³

et al. 2018

IJMS

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(1) Background: We analyzed, using PET-SCAN and cognitive tests, how growth hormone (GH) could act in the brain of an older woman, not deficient in GH, who showed mild cognitive alterations (MCI) and had a genotype of ApoE 4/3 and familial dyslipidemia. (2) Methods: After performing a first psychometric study (TAVEC verbal learning test), the metabolic activity of brain structures related to knowledge, memory, and behavior was analyzed using 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose PET-SCAN. The patient was then treated with GH (0.4 mg/day, subcutaneous) for three weeks and on the last day under this treatment, a new PET-SCAN was performed. One month after beginning treatment with GH, a new TAVEC test was performed. (3) Results: GH administration normalized the cognitive deficits observed in the first psychometric test and significantly (p < 0.025) increased the metabolic activity in practically all brain cortical areas, specifically in the left hippocampus and left amygdala, although not in the left parahippocampus. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time the positive effects of GH on cerebral metabolism in a patient without GH deficiency, recovering the function of affected areas related to knowledge, memory, and behavior in an elderly patient with MCI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with Growth Hormone (GH) Increased the Metabolic Activity of the Brain in an Elder Patient, Not GH-Deficient, Who Suffered Mild Cognitive Alterations and Had an ApoE 4/3 Genotype

Devesa¹,

Núñez²,

Agra³

et al. 2018

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cause versus effect in disease processes still need to be determined, and in light of the most recent studies calling into question, the presence of adult neurogenesis in humans, the association with adult neurogenesis and human disease needs to be re‐evaluated. Lee and Thuret () suggest researchers should investigate the gene expression changes in the human brain at the transcriptome level. It is possible (although difficult) to carry out single‐cell RNA‐sequencing analysis on post‐mortem brain tissues; such an approach could provide better molecular markers for human hippocampal neurogenesis.…”

Section: Adult Neurogenesis In the Human Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian dentate gyrus

Abbott

Nigussie

2019

Anat Histol Embryol

128

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Earlier observations in neuroscience suggested that no new neurons form in the mature central nervous system. Evidence now indicates that new neurons do form in the adult mammalian brain. Two regions of the mature mammalian brain generate new neurons: (a) the border of the lateral ventricles of the brain (subventricular zone) and (b) the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. This review focuses only on new neuron formation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. During normal prenatal and early postnatal development, neural stem cells (NSCs) give rise to differentiated neurons. NSCs persist in the dentate gyrus SGZ, undergoing cell division, with some daughter cells differentiating into functional neurons that participate in learning and memory and general cognition through integration into pre‐existing neural networks. Axons, which emanate from neurons in the entorhinal cortex, synapse with dendrites of the granule cells (small neurons) of the dentate gyrus. Axons from granule cells synapse with pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA3 region, which send axons to synapse with CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells that send their axons out of the hippocampus proper. Adult neurogenesis includes proliferation, differentiation, migration, the death of some newly formed cells and final integration of surviving cells into neural networks. We summarise these processes in adult mammalian hippocampal neurogenesis and discuss the roles of major signalling molecules that influence neurogenesis, including neurotransmitters and some hormones. The recent controversy raised concerning whether or not adult neurogenesis occurs in humans also is discussed.

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“…Inconsistent reports over the maintenance of hippocampal neurogenesis over the lifespan in humans have brought about recent debate about its functional significance (reviewed by Lee & Thuret, ; Snyder, ). In a recent investigation of postmortem brain tissue obtained from 18 adults and 19 perinatal and postnatal samples (age range: 14 gestational weeks to 77 years), it was reported that no newborn neurons were found in the DG of adults and only a few isolated young neurons were observed in samples from young individuals (7–13 years of age).…”

Section: Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Born this way: Hippocampal neurogenesis across the lifespan

2019

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The capability of the mammalian brain to generate new neurons through the lifespan has gained much attention for the promise of new therapeutic possibilities especially for the aging brain. One of the brain regions that maintains a neurogenesis‐permissive environment is the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Here, new neurons are generated from a pool of multipotent neural progenitor cells to become fully functional neurons that are integrated into the brain circuitry. A growing body of evidence points to the fact that neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is necessary for certain memory processes, and in mood regulation, while alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis have been associated with a myriad of neurological and psychiatric disorders. More recently, evidence has come to light that new neurons may differ in their vulnerability to environmental and disease‐related influences depending on the time during the life course at which they are exposed. Thus, it has been the topic of intense research in recent years. In this review, we will discuss the complex process and associated functional relevance of hippocampal neurogenesis during the embryonic/postnatal period and in adulthood. We consider the implications of hippocampal neurogenesis during the developmentally critical periods of adolescence and older age. We will further consider the literature surrounding hippocampal neurogenesis and its functional role during these critical periods with a view to providing insight into the potential of harnessing neurogenesis for health and therapeutic benefit.

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Adult Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Controversy and Evidence

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

Treatment with Growth Hormone (GH) Increased the Metabolic Activity of the Brain in an Elder Patient, Not GH-Deficient, Who Suffered Mild Cognitive Alterations and Had an ApoE 4/3 Genotype

Treatment with Growth Hormone (GH) Increased the Metabolic Activity of the Brain in an Elder Patient, Not GH-Deficient, Who Suffered Mild Cognitive Alterations and Had an ApoE 4/3 Genotype

Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian dentate gyrus

Born this way: Hippocampal neurogenesis across the lifespan

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