Adult Neurogenesis and the Promise of Adult Neural Stem Cells

Ghosh, Hiyaa S.

doi:10.1177/1179069519856876

Cited by 52 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, is a packed V-shaped layer of granule neurons involved in spatial memory formation and pattern separation 12 , which hosts a niche of radial glia-like cells supporting adult neurogenesis 13 . During embryonic development, DG granule neuron progenitors originate from the dentate neuroepithelium (DNE) or primary (1ry) matrix of the archicortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dentate gyrus development requires a cortical hem-derived astrocytic scaffold

Caramello¹,

Galichet²,

Rizzoti³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Astrocytes are necessary for neuronal functionality in the adult brain; but may also support embryonic development of its cytoarchitecture. They are generated after neurons from embryonic radial glial cells, following the gliogenic switch. Regulation of the switch, operated by several transcription factors, is fundamental for allowing coordinated interactions between neurons and glia. We deleted one such factor, Sox9, early during mouse brain development and observed perturbed astrogenesis and a significantly compromised dentate gyrus (DG). We dissected the origin of the defect, targeting Sox9 deletion to either the DG neuronal progenitor domain or the adjacent cortical hem (CH), and identified previously uncharacterized ALDH1L1+ astrocytic progenitors in the CH, which form a fimbrial-specific glial scaffold necessary for neuronal progenitor migration towards the developing DG. Our results highlight the crucial role of SOX9 for astroglial potential and illustrate how formation of a local network, amidst cells originating from adjacent domains, underlays brain morphogenesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dentate gyrus development requires a cortical hem-derived astrocytic scaffold

Caramello¹,

Galichet²,

Rizzoti³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The cellular and molecular mechanisms that guide the progression from a dividing NSC to a functional neuron are not fully understood. In the mammalian brain, neurogenesis is tightly regulated via both extrinsic environmental influences and intrinsic genetic factors [76,77,78]. Endogenous extrinsic factors include cell-to-cell interactions, niche-derived morphogens, growth factors and cytokines [79,80].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrous Materials Made of Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends Support Neural Stem Cells Differentiation

et al. 2019

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In this work, we design and produce micron-sized fiber mats by blending poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with small amounts of block copolymers poly(ethylene oxide)m-block-poly(ε-caprolactone)n (PEOm-b-PCLn) using electrospinning. Three different PEOm-b-PCLn block copolymers, with different molecular weights of PEO and PCL, were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone using PEO as initiator and stannous octoate as catalyst. The polymer blends were prepared by homogenous solvent mixing using dichloromethane for further electrospinning procedures. After electrospinning, it was found that the addition to PCL of the different block copolymers produced micron-fibers with smaller width, equal or higher hydrophilicity, lower Young modulus, and rougher surfaces, as compared with micron-fibers obtained only with PCL. Neural stem progenitor cells (NSPC), isolated from rat brains and grown as neurospheres, were cultured on the fibrous materials. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the NSPC are able to survive and even differentiate into astrocytes and neurons on the synthetic fibrous materials without any growth factor and using the fibers as guidance. Disassembling of the cells from the NSPC and acquisition of cell specific molecular markers and morphology progressed faster in the presence of the block copolymers, which suggests the role of the hydrophilic character and porous topology of the fiber mats.

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“…DCX is reported to be strongly expressed by migrating immature neurons ( Kaindl et al, 2006 ; Klempin et al, 2011 ; Madhyastha et al, 2013 ) and in our study, mainly after the multi-hit exposure, DCX expression was upregulated, suggesting an increase in migration of newly generated neurons. Some studies have reported the difference in extent of neurogenesis between sub ventricular (SVZ) and sub granular (SGZ) zone, stating that SVZ regions contain more neural stem cells and with additional amplifying signals, the extent of neurogenesis in SVZ is somewhat higher than SGZ region ( Zhu et al, 2014 ; Ghosh, 2019 ). However, some studies have also reported a decrease in DCX-positive cells in the hippocampus of rats with chronic stress exposure ( Dagytė et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal changes and cognitive deficits in a multi-hit rat model following cumulative impact of early life stressors

Sarkar

Patro

2020

Biology Open

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Perinatal protein malnourishment is a leading cause for mental and physical retardation in children with poor socioeconomic conditions. Such malnourished children are vulnerable to additional stressors that may synergistically act to cause neurological disorders at adulthood. In this study, the above mentioned condition was mimicked via a multi-hit rat model in which pups born to protein malnourished mothers (LP) were co-injected with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C; viral mimetic) at Postnatal day (PND) 3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; bacterial mimetic) at PND 9. Individual exposure of Poly I:C and LPS was also given to LP pups to correlate chronicity of stress. Similar treatments were also given to control pups. Hippocampal cellular apoptosis, β III tubulin catastrophe, altered neuronal profiling and spatial memory impairments were assessed at PND 180, using specific immunohistochemical markers (active caspase 3, β III tubulin, doublecortin), Golgi studies and cognitive mazes (Morris Water Maze and T maze). Increase in cellular apoptosis, loss of dendritic arborization and spatial memory impairments were higher in multi-hit group, than the single-hit groups. Such impairments observed due to multi-hit stress, mimicked conditions similar to many neurological disorders and hence it is hypothesized that later life neurological disorders might be an outcome of multiple early life hits.

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Adult Neurogenesis and the Promise of Adult Neural Stem Cells

Cited by 52 publications

References 91 publications

Dentate gyrus development requires a cortical hem-derived astrocytic scaffold

Dentate gyrus development requires a cortical hem-derived astrocytic scaffold

Fibrous Materials Made of Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends Support Neural Stem Cells Differentiation

Neuronal changes and cognitive deficits in a multi-hit rat model following cumulative impact of early life stressors

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