Adult-onset temporal lobe epilepsy, cognitive decline, multi-antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity, and Hashimoto's encephalopathy: Two case studies

Sadan, Ofer; Seyman, Estelle; Ash, Elissa; Kipervasser, Svetlana; Neufeld, Miri Y.

doi:10.1016/j.ebcr.2013.07.004

Cited by 8 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…3,4,6 The prevalence in pediatric populations is relatively lower than that in adults. 6 Patients are predominantly female and in their 5-6th decades of life, and the reported gender ratio of this disease is 4.1 in favor of women.…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,8 Additionally, serum antithyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO antibodies) in the CSF has also been detected in adult patients diagnosed with HE along with autoimmune reactions of these antibodies with the cerebral vascular and brain cells that results in either vasculitis or damage to the brain cells 9-12 Furthermore, Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) presents as an encephalopathy without central nervous system infection or tumor. HE is considered to be an autoimmune disorder due to its close correlation with autoantibodies that interact with antigens shared by the thyroid and its good response to steroid treatment.…”

Section: Hashimoto's Encephalopathy Is Considered To Be An Autoimmumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These patients respond poorly to anti-epileptic medications. 6 Subacute dementia with insidious onset followed by schizophrenia-like syndrome has been described in elderly HE patients. 29 Temporal epilepsy and multiantiepileptic drug (AED) hypersensitivity have also been reported in adult HE patients.…”

Section: Clinical Presentationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE), also known as steroid-responsive encephalopathy, is associated with autoimmune thyroiditis and presents with encephalopathy and elevations in antithyroid antibodies without brain tumor, stroke, or infection of the central nervous system. 3,4,6 The prevalence in pediatric populations is relatively lower than that in adults. This first case presented with hallucinations, tremor, agitation, altered mental status, and elevated thyroid antibodies.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HE is considered to be an autoimmune disorder due to its close correlation with autoantibodies that interact with antigens shared by the thyroid and its good response to steroid treatment. 6,8 Additionally, serum antithyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO antibodies) in the CSF has also been detected in adult patients diagnosed with HE along with autoimmune reactions of these antibodies with the cerebral vascular and brain cells that results in either vasculitis or damage to the brain cells 9-12 Furthermore, Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) presents as an encephalopathy without central nervous system infection or tumor. HE is associated with autoimmune thyroiditis and is thus considered to be an autoimmune disorder.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hashimoto encephalopathy: literature review

et al. 2016

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Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) presents as an encephalopathy without central nervous system infection or tumor. HE is associated with autoimmune thyroiditis and is thus considered to be an autoimmune disorder. The prevalence of HE is low, but death and status epilepticus have been reported. HE manifests with a wide range of symptoms that include behavioral changes and confusion. Elevated thyroid antibodies are present in the majority of cases and are required for the diagnosis of HE. Normal brain MRI findings are found in the majority of patients diagnosed with HE. The most consistent CSF abnormality noted in HE patients is the presence of elevated protein. Most HE patients respond well to steroid therapy. Clinical improvements are also observed with IV immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis. In conclusion, it is now generally accepted that the diagnosis of HE must include encephalopathy characterized by cognitive impairment associated with psychiatric features, such as hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia. Autoimmune encephalitis and prion disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis due to the similarity of the clinical features of these conditions to those of HE.

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Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hashimoto's Encephalopathy Is Considered To Be An Autoimmumentioning

confidence: 99%