Adult psychopathology associated with a history of childhood sexual abuse: A psychoanalytic perspective.

Nash, Michael R.; Hulsey, Timothy L.; Sexton, Mark C.; Harralson, Tina L.; Lambert, Warren; Lynch, Gregory V.

doi:10.1037/10138-003

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Considering the moderate to high correlation between general psychopathology and psychological dissociation (Nash, Hulsey, Sexton, Harralson, & Lambert, 1993;Norton, Ross, & Novotny, 1990), some have expressed concern that dissociation scales may assess the former concept rather than the latter (Tillman, Nash, & Lerner, 1994). These authors could be correct, but this correlation could also reflect the broad comorbidity that characterizes complex dissociative disorders.…”

Section: Is Somatoform Dissociation a Unique Construct?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatoform Dissociation

Nijenhuis¹

2001

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

157

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In most of the recent scientific and clinical literature, dissociation has been equated with dissociative amnesia, depersonalization, derealization, and fragmentation of identity. However, according to Pierre Janet and several World War I psychiatrists, dissociation also pertains to a lack of integration of somatoform components of experience, reactions, and functions. Some clinical observations and contemporary studies have supported this view. Somatoform dissociation, which can be measured with the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20), is highly characteristic of dissociative disorder patients, and a core feature in many patients with somatoform disorders and in a subgroup of patients with eating disorders. It is strongly associated with reported trauma among psychiatric patients and patients with chronic pelvic pain presenting in medical healthcare settings. Motor inhibitions and anesthesia/analgesia are somatoform dissociative symptoms that are similar to animal defensive reactions to major threat and injury. Among a wider range of somatoform dissociative symptoms, these particular symptoms are highly characteristic of patients with dissociative disorders. The empirical findings reviewed in this article should have implications for the contemporary conceptualization and definition of dissociation, as well as the categorization of somatoform disorders in a future version of the DSM.

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Section: Is Somatoform Dissociation a Unique Construct?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatoform Dissociation

Nijenhuis¹

2001

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

157

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“…History of childhood trauma has also been associated with greater dissociative symptoms in adulthood, including feelings of detachment, blunted emotional responsiveness, reduced awareness of surroundings, derealization, and depersonalization (e.g., Bosch et al, 2003; Briere, 2006; Briere et al, 1988; Chu et al, 1990; Dancu et al, 1996; Nash et al, 1993) Moreover, previous trauma history also predicted higher dissociative symptoms in soldiers early in military training and again later in response to intense training stressors (Morgan et al, 2007). Based on these findings, it has been suggested that dissociative symptoms develop as a trauma-related psychological reaction or alternatively, as a maladaptive way of coping with trauma-related distress.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trait Dissociation Predicts Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in a Prospective Study of Urban Police Officers

McCaslin

Inslicht²,

Metzler³

et al. 2008

Journal of Nervous &Amp; Mental Disease

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The current study prospectively examines the predictive relationship of trait dissociation, assessed during academy training, to PTSD symptoms assessed at 12 months of active police duty in relatively young and healthy police academy recruits (N = 180). The roles of pre-academy trauma exposure, exposure to life-threatening critical incidents during police duty, and peritraumatic dissociation at the time of the officer’s worst critical incident were also examined. Utilizing path analytic techniques, greater trait dissociation, assessed during academy training, was predictive of both peritraumatic dissociation, and PTSD symptoms assessed at 12 months of police service. Moreover, after accounting for trait dissociation and peritraumatic dissociation, the relationship of previous trauma to later PTSD symptoms was no longer significant, demonstrating that the effect of previous trauma on later vulnerability to PTSD symptoms in this sample may be mediated by both trait and peritraumatic dissociation.

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“…Despite the consistency of this statistical link and its general acceptance in clinical practice, some question still remains about the extent to which research has demonstrated that victimization actually causes symptoms. To date, research on the "effects" of child victimization has been conducted almost exclusively on cross-sectional studies of adult retrospective reports (e.g., Fromuth, 1986;Nash, Hulsey, Sexton, Harralson, & Lambert, 1993) or on children after they were victimized (e.g., Paradise et al, 1994). Although these studies have been Sue Boney-McCoy, Department of Psychology, Eastern Connecticut State University; David Finkelhor, Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with this suggestion are data showing that adults and children who experienced child sexual abuse come from families with more impaired relationships than do nonabused individuals (e.g., Fromuth, 1986;Harteretal., 1988;Paradiseetal., 1994). In addition, poor family functioning has been associated with postvictimization symptomatology in several studies of sexual abuse (Harter et al, 1988;Nash et al, 1993;Paradise et al, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is youth victimization related to trauma symptoms and depression after controlling for prior symptoms and family relationships? A longitudinal, prospective study.

Boney-McCoy¹,

Finkelhor²

1996

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

255

181

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The common finding linking symptoms such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression with youth victimization (e.g., sexual abuse) might well be artifactual if preexisting psychopathology or disturbed family relationships create a common risk for both later victimization and later symptoms. This study used a longitudinal, prospective design to examine this issue. In a national random sample telephone survey, children 10 to 16 years old were interviewed and then reinterviewed approximately 15 months later about psychological problems, family relationships and victimization experiences that had occurred in the interim. Victimization in the interim was associated with PTSD-related symptoms and depression measured at Time 2, even after controlling for these symptoms and the quality of the parent-child relationship at Time 1. The association was particularly strong for sexual abuse, parental assault, and kidnapping experiences. However, these data also suggest that some of the apparent association found in cross-sectional studies between victimization and psychopathology may be due to prior psychopathology (but not parent-child relationship problems), which puts children at risk for both victimization and later symptoms.

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Adult psychopathology associated with a history of childhood sexual abuse: A psychoanalytic perspective.

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Somatoform Dissociation

Somatoform Dissociation

Trait Dissociation Predicts Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in a Prospective Study of Urban Police Officers

Is youth victimization related to trauma symptoms and depression after controlling for prior symptoms and family relationships? A longitudinal, prospective study.

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