Adult Recall of Childhood Exposure to Parental Conflict: Unpacking the Black Box of Parental Alienation

Baker, Amy J. L.; Chambers, Jaclyn E.

doi:10.1080/10502556.2011.534396

Cited by 68 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Behaviors endorsed at a particularly high rate included making negative comments about the other parent, indicating discomfort when the child speaks or asks about other parent, confiding in child, and encouraging the child’s reliance. These data are consistent with what is known about the prevalence and the quality of PA within divorcing families (Baker and Chambers, 2011). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Perceived Parental Functioning, Self-Esteem, and Psychological Distress in Adults Whose Parents are Separated/Divorced

2015

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Objective: The objective of this research was to identify retrospectively the alienating behaviors and the parental bonding that occurred in an Italian sample of adults whose had parents separated or divorced and their associations with self-esteem and psychological distress.Methods: Four hundred seventy adults in Chieti, Italy, completed an anonymous and confidential survey regarding their childhood exposure to parental alienating behaviors (using the Baker Strategy Questionnaire), quality of the parent–child relationship (using Parental Bonding Instruments), self-esteem (using Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and global psychological distress (using Global Severity Index of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised).Results: About 80% of the sample reported some exposure to parental alienating behaviors; about 65–70% of the sample has perceived non-optimal parenting by mother and by father; individuals who experienced affectionless control (low care and high overprotection) reported significantly higher exposure to parental loyalty conflict behaviors. Overall rates of reported exposure to low care, and overprotection and parental loyalty conflict behaviors were statistically significantly associated with self-esteem as well as the measure of current psychological distress. Results revealed that exposure to parental loyalty conflict behaviors and self-esteem were associated with psychological distress over and above the effects of parental bonding and age.Conclusion: The pattern of findings supports the theory that children exposed to dysfunctional parenting, and with low self-esteem are at risk for their long-term psychological functioning. Implications for health policy changes and strengthening social services are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Baker Strategy Questionnaire (BSQ; Baker and Chambers, 2011). The BSQ is a 20-item measure comprised of a list of 19 specific behaviors and one general behavior that parents might engage in to induce loyalty conflict in their child.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Parental Functioning, Self-Esteem, and Psychological Distress in Adults Whose Parents are Separated/Divorced

2015

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“…Specifi cally, consistent with Baker and Chambers ( 2011 ), we use the descriptor parental alienation behaviors to describe this phenomenon when possible. Some scholars, not without debate, have used the term parental alienation disorder (see Houchin et al, 2012 ), although recent reports from psychological and psychiatric association's suggest that parental alienation disorder will not be included in the revised version of the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (4th ed., text rev.…”

Section: Chaptermentioning

confidence: 99%

Models of Psychopathology

Hooper

L’Abate

Sweeney

et al. 2014

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“…Step 1 lower proportion than in Baker and Chambers (2011), who found that 20% endorsed the same item. It may be that the difference between 20% in that study and 16% in the current sample is not meaningful and is due only to normal variation between samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

College Student Childhood Exposure to Parental Loyalty Conflicts

Baker¹,

Eichler

2014

Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Service

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A total of 157 college students completed an anonymous and confidential survey regarding their childhood exposure to parental loyalty conflict behaviors and to psychological maltreatment. Results revealed high levels of exposure to parental loyalty conflict behaviors. Elevated levels were found in those whose parents were divorced/separated and those who reported that-regardless of marital status-their parents' relationship was very bad. Rates of 19 specific loyalty conflict behaviors were higher in those who reported that one parent tried to turn them against the other parent. Overall rates were associated with exposure to psychological maltreatment. Implications for social service providers are explored.

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Adult Recall of Childhood Exposure to Parental Conflict: Unpacking the Black Box of Parental Alienation

Cited by 68 publications

References 24 publications

Perceived Parental Functioning, Self-Esteem, and Psychological Distress in Adults Whose Parents are Separated/Divorced

Perceived Parental Functioning, Self-Esteem, and Psychological Distress in Adults Whose Parents are Separated/Divorced

Models of Psychopathology

College Student Childhood Exposure to Parental Loyalty Conflicts

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