Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in a Peruvian hospital in human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (<scp>HTLV</scp>‐1) positive patients

This narrative review, which is based on a systematic literature search following the PRISMA guidelines, provides a general overview of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and associated diseases: Adult T-cell Leukaemia-Lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in Latin America, focusing on epidemiology and prevention. Using the published information on HTLV-1, ATLL and HAM/TSP prevalence, we present comprehensive and accurate maps and tables, and developed an algorithm to assist in the prevention of HTLV-1 transmission through breastfeeding while considering socio-economic status. Latin America is an interesting scenario to study HTLV-1 because of the diverse origin of its population. Apart from the expected high prevalence in inhabitants of African ancestry, the presence of endemic foci affecting indigenous populations is particularly striking. ATLL prevention is the biggest challenge in this field. Most ATLL cases are transmitted through breastfeeding; thus, prevention methods to avoid ATLL in endemic countries have to be focused on this. In view of the high inequality in most Latin American countries, reduction in breastfeeding duration, freezing/ thawing and pasteurisation of breastmilk can be suitable interventions in poor settings, considering that avoiding the risk of malnutrition and infant mortality must be the priority.

show abstract

“…Most studies have been performed in blood donors, pregnant women and hospitalised patients. Also, ATLL cases have been reported (Table ), .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and associated diseases in Latin America

Eusebio‐Ponce

Candel

Anguita

2019

Tropical Med Int Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is also notable that many cases come from the Tumaco district, in which TSP/HAM was originally described and in which a 5.3% HTLV-1 positivity has been reported among adults [ 241 ]. Furthermore, 12 ATLL cases from Peru and an additional case of a Peruvian immigrant in Uruguay were described, all of them being fatal [ 257 , 258 , 259 , 261 , 262 , 263 , 279 ]. These ATLLs displayed common features, since half of them had gastrointestinal tract compromise, and half of them occurred in individuals younger than 50 yr, including a 20 yr female.…”

Section: Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphotropic Viruses EBV, KSHV and HTLV in Latin America: Epidemiology and Associated Malignancies. A Literature-Based Study by the RIAL-CYTED

Chabay

Lens

Hassan

et al. 2020

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) are lymphomagenic viruses with region-specific induced morbidity. The RIAL-CYTED aims to increase the knowledge of lymphoma in Latin America (LA), and, as such, we systematically analyzed the literature to better understand our risk for virus-induced lymphoma. We observed that high endemicity regions for certain lymphomas, e.g., Mexico and Peru, have a high incidence of EBV-positive lymphomas of T/NK cell origin. Peru also carries the highest frequency of EBV-positive classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), than any other LA country. Adult T cell lymphoma is endemic to the North of Brazil and Chile. While only few cases of KSHV-positive lymphomas were found, in spite of the close correlation of Kaposi sarcoma and the prevalence of pathogenic types of KSHV. Both EBV-associated HL and Burkitt lymphoma mainly affect young children, unlike in developed countries, in which adolescents and young adults are the most affected, correlating with an early EBV seroconversion for LA population despite of lack of infectious mononucleosis symptoms. High endemicity of KSHV and HTLV infection was observed among Amerindian populations, with differences between Amazonian and Andean populations.

show abstract

“…In the feline species, according to Almeida's research (2017), the fragility of the cells of some cats infected with FeLV can be accentuated, also inducing the frequent formation of smudge cells. Morphologically immature cells can also be located in cats with feline viral leukemia (Shirani et al, 2011;Cunha, 2016;Valle, 2016;Ferreira et al, 2017) (Figures 7 and 8), in cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis (Spinola, 2010;Khudhair, 2016;Oguma et al, 2017) and in humans with ATL induced by HTLV-1 virus (Hodson et al, 2013;Qayyum & Choi, 2014;Oliveira et al, 2016;Rodríguez-Zúñiga et al, 2017). Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 9, e13010917900, 2021 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17900 In the study by Pereira et al (2018), of 29 cats positive for FeLV and with clinical signs associated with the infection, 24.14% had neutrophils at various maturation periods (rods, myelocytes and metamielocytes).…”

Section: Cytomorphological Similarities Between Feline Viral Leukemia Bovine Enzootic Leukosis and Adult T-cell Leukemia/lymphomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytomorphological similarities between feline viral leukemia, bovine enzootic leukosis and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: A review

Silveira

Medeiros

Moraes

et al. 2021

RSD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Leukemias are malignant neoplasms of hematological origin and originating from bone marrow cells. Innumerable species can be affected by this disease, which can be originated by several causes, including infection by viruses belonging to the Retroviridae family. In felines, humans and cattle, the leukemia-inducing retroviruses are Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV), respectively. In Brazil, the number of domestic cats infected with FeLV grows progressively, when compared to the incidence of infected animals in developed countries, such as the United States. In cattle, viral leukemia or enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), caused by BLV, although asymptomatic, leads to decreased production and economic losses. In humans, HTLV-1 was the first human retrovirus described in the 1980s. In this work, the similarities between cytomorphological changes in felines, cattle and humans affected by FeLV, BLV and HTLV-1, respectively, were analyzed. The bibliographic findings showed that the affected species addressed share the presence of atypical and/or reactive lymphocytes, smudge cells, immature cells and nuclear cell atypias in peripheral blood.

show abstract

Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in a Peruvian hospital in human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) positive patients

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and associated diseases in Latin America

Human T‐Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and associated diseases in Latin America

Lymphotropic Viruses EBV, KSHV and HTLV in Latin America: Epidemiology and Associated Malignancies. A Literature-Based Study by the RIAL-CYTED

Cytomorphological similarities between feline viral leukemia, bovine enzootic leukosis and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About