Adulterants and Contaminants in Psychotropic Herbal Medicines Detected with Mass Spectrometry and Next-Generation DNA Sequencing

Hoban, Claire; Musgrave, Ian F.; Coghlan, Megan L.; Power, Matthew; Byard, Roger W.; Nash, Christine; Farrington, Rachael; Crighton, Elly; Trengove, Robert D.; Bunce, Michael

doi:10.1007/s40290-018-0252-8

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies have been applied to herbal drug authentication using genome skimming or amplicon metabaroding approaches [ 1 , 8 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ], including H. perforatum commercial products [ 16 ]. The quality of a herbal product is determined by the correct identity of its ingredients and its purity, measured by % contamination by a range of inorganic and biological contaminants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied Barcoding: The Practicalities of DNA Testing for Herbals

Howard

Lockie-Williams

Slater

2020

Plants

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DNA barcoding is a widely accepted technique for the identification of plant materials, and its application to the authentication of commercial medicinal plants has attracted significant attention. The incorporation of DNA-based technologies into the quality testing protocols of international pharmacopoeias represents a step-change in status, requiring the establishment of standardized, reliable and reproducible methods. The process by which this can be achieved for any herbal medicine is described, using Hypericum perforatum L. (St John’s Wort) and potential adulterant Hypericum species as a case study. A range of practical issues are considered including quality control of DNA sequences from public repositories and the construction of individual curated databases, choice of DNA barcode region(s) and the identification of informative polymorphic nucleotide sequences. A decision tree informs the structure of the manuscript and provides a template to guide the development of future DNA barcode tests for herbals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applied Barcoding: The Practicalities of DNA Testing for Herbals

Howard

Lockie-Williams

Slater

2020

Plants

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“…As it was previously reported by many peer-reviewed reports (Hoban et al, 2018;Seethapathy et al, 2019;Amritha et al, 2020;Anthoons et al, 2021;Palhares et al, 2021), irrespective of the authentication method, adulterated commercial HPs are geographically present across all continents (Supplementary Table S1). Moreover, this highly relevant category of commercial products was found to not comply with the labeled botanical ingredients in proportions almost identical (26 ± 2%), irrespective if they are traditionally used as herbal medicines, as commonly found in Asia, or overwhelmingly consumed as food supplements as in Europe or North America.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Chemical Authentication of Botanical Ingredients: A Review of Commercial Herbal Products

Ichim

Booker

2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Chemical methods are the most important and widely used traditional plant identification techniques recommended by national and international pharmacopoeias. We have reviewed the successful use of different chemical methods for the botanical authentication of 2,386 commercial herbal products, sold in 37 countries spread over six continents. The majority of the analyzed products were reported to be authentic (73%) but more than a quarter proved to be adulterated (27%). At a national level, the number of products and the adulteration proportions varied very widely. Yet, the adulteration reported for the four countries, from which more than 100 commercial products were purchased and their botanical ingredients chemically authenticated, was 37% (United Kingdom), 31% (Italy), 27% (United States), and 21% (China). Simple or hyphenated chemical analytical techniques have identified the total absence of labeled botanical ingredients, substitution with closely related or unrelated species, the use of biological filler material, and the hidden presence of regulated, forbidden or allergenic species. Additionally, affecting the safety and efficacy of the commercial herbal products, other low quality aspects were reported: considerable variability of the labeled metabolic profile and/or phytochemical content, significant product-to-product variation of botanical ingredients or even between batches by the same manufacturer, and misleading quality and quantity label claims. Choosing an appropriate chemical technique can be the only possibility for assessing the botanical authenticity of samples which have lost their diagnostic microscopic characteristics or were processed so that DNA cannot be adequately recovered.

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“…Previously described in [12,17], fusion primers with unique 6-8 bp multiplex identifier (MID) tags were designed for the same plant and mammal primer sets as used for the qPCR above, but with the inclusion of a second chloroplast gene region, rbcL (see Coghlan et al [12] for primer details). Fusion tag PCR was carried out using the same cycling conditions, with duplicate reactions for each DNA extract.…”

Section: Amplicon Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data analysis has been previously described in [12,17]. The sequencing output files were retrieved, filtered and processed using Geneious (v8.1).…”

Section: Bioinformatic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological screening and DNA sequencing detects contamination and adulteration in regulated herbal medicines and supplements for diet, weight loss and cardiovascular health

Crighton

Coghlan

Farrington

et al. 2019

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis

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Adulterants and Contaminants in Psychotropic Herbal Medicines Detected with Mass Spectrometry and Next-Generation DNA Sequencing

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Applied Barcoding: The Practicalities of DNA Testing for Herbals

Applied Barcoding: The Practicalities of DNA Testing for Herbals

Chemical Authentication of Botanical Ingredients: A Review of Commercial Herbal Products

Toxicological screening and DNA sequencing detects contamination and adulteration in regulated herbal medicines and supplements for diet, weight loss and cardiovascular health

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