Adults Suffering from Violence Are at Risk of Poor Prognosis in Taiwan, 2000–2015

Abstract

Objective: To understand the risk of developing a poor prognosis in adulthood after violent injury in Taiwan. Methods: This study used the data of outpatients, from emergency departments, and from hospitalization of 2 million people under National Health Insurance from 2000 to 2015. The ICD-9 diagnostic code N-code was defined as the case of this study and was 995.8 (abused adult) or E-code was E960-E969 (homicide and intentional injury by others) The first violent injury of 18–64-year-old adults (the study group) was analyzed. Patients who had not suffered violent abuse were the control group. The groups were matched in a 1:4 ratio, and the paired variables were gender, age ±1 year, Charlson Comorbidity index (CCI) before exposure, and year of medical treatment. SAS 9.4 statistical software was used, and the Cox regression method was used for data analysis. Results: During the 15-year period, a total of 8726 people suffered from violence (34,904 controls). The incidences of common poor prognoses among the victims of violence were sleep disorder, anxiety, and depression, in 33.9%, 21.6%, and 13.2% of people, respectively. The risk (Adults, Overall) of developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), bipolar disorder, and manic disorder after being violently injured (average 9 years) was 34.86, 4.4, and 4.1 times higher than those who had not suffered violence (all p values < 0.01). The risk (Adults, Males) of developing PTSD, bipolar disorder, and manic disorder after being violently injured (average 9 years) was 30.0, 3.81, and 2.85 times higher, respectively, than those who had not suffered violence (all p values < 0.01). The risk (Adults, Females) of developing PTSD, manic disorder, and bipolar disorder after being violently injured (average 9 years) was 36.8, 6.71, and 5.65 times higher, respectively, than of those who had not suffered violence (all p values < 0.01). Conclusion: The risks of poor prognosis are higher in adults who have suffered violent abuse than in those who have not. Therefore, police, social workers, and medical personnel should pay attention to the mental state of victims of violence. They should aim to support prompt treatment, to avoid PTSD, bipolar disorder, manic disorder, etc.

Congestive Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Effect of Cardiomyopathy on the Risk of Acute Stress Disorder in Taiwan, 2000-2015 (Preprint)

“…This study has several limitations worth considering. First, similar to previous studies using the NHI research database, genetic, environmental, severity, or psychological assessments of patients with cardiomyopathy could not be assessed because these values were not recorded in the NHIRD [44]. Second, some unexplained heterogeneity exists, and comparability between studies may be reduced due to the lack of uniform diagnostic criteria.…”

Early Educational Interventions to Prevent Gender-Based Violence: A Systematic Review

“…Consequently, research has been focusing lately on exploring the harmful consequences of gender-based violence (GBV hereinafter) can have on children, especially later in their lives [2][3][4][5]. Young children's exposure to gender violence is associated with negative outcomes in their development and can have devastating effects throughout their lives [6][7][8].…”

Adult abuse and poor prognosis in Taiwan, 2000–2015: a cohort study

“…The emotional impact of adult abuse leading to isolation, fear, and mistrust can have lifelong adverse outcomes, including poor psychosomatic and behavioral health and increased risk of adverse outcomes [6]. Dating violence, domestic violence, human trafficking, child abuse and neglect, sexual assault and elder abuse are relationship violence [7]. Abuse can happen at any time and to anyone and has severe, lasting negative emotional, mental, and physical effects on the victim [8].…”