Adults with Autism and Adults with Depression Show Similar Attentional Biases to Social-Affective Images

Unruh, Kathryn E.; Gotham, Katherine

doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3627-5

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…Participants with ASD were drawn primarily from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) cohort, a U.S.-based online community that allows people with ASD and their families to participate in ASD research studies (Feliciano et al, 2018). These data were combined with a well-characterized community sample of adults with and without ASD who completed paper-and-pencil BDI-II forms as part of laboratory studies conducted at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Gotham et al, 2018;Han et al, 2019;Unruh et al, 2018). To construct a sample of TD adults large enough for adequate DIF testing, BDI-II data from a general population comparison group were drawn from four online studies of cognitive biases and depressive symptoms that recruited participants using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk;Everaert et al, 2018Everaert et al, , 2020Everaert & Joormann, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Depression in Autistic Adults: Psychometric Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory–II

2020

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Depressive disorders are common in autistic adults, but few studies have examined the extent to which common depression questionnaires are psychometrically appropriate for use in this population. Using item response theory, this study examined the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II) in a sample of 947 autistic adults. BDI-II latent trait scores exhibited strong reliability, construct validity, and moderate ability to discriminate between depressed and nondepressed adults on the autism spectrum (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.796 [0.763, 0.826], sensitivity = 0.820 [0.785, 0.852], specificity = 0.653 [0.601, 0.699]). These results collectively indicate that the BDI-II is a valid measure of depressive symptoms in autistic adults, appropriate for quantifying depression severity in research studies or screening for depressive disorders in clinical settings. A free online score calculator has been created to facilitate the use of BDI-II latent trait scores for clinical and research applications (available at https://asdmeasures.shinyapps.io/bdi_score/ ).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Depression in Autistic Adults: Psychometric Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory–II

2020

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“…An emerging body of evidence indicating that social reward varies within ASD (e.g., sub-groups based on social reward and motivation) and the extent to which social approach and reward might both underlie anxiety and depression and be responsive to intervention suggests this is an important, untapped avenue of research. New work also indicates that, even within the context of social orienting, individuals with ASD and individuals with depression may share a visual attention bias away from positive emotions specifically, which represents another area to explore for links to emotional well-being [76]. …”

Section: Identifying and Engaging Common Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Treatments Targeting Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents and Adults on the Autism Spectrum: Review of the Latest Research and Recommended Future Directions

White

Simmons

Gotham

et al. 2018

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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120

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There is considerable evidence for the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to treat co-occurring problems with anxiety, but there has been relatively little research on treatment of co-occurring depression. Multiple mechanisms of treatment effect have been proposed, but there has been little demonstration of target engagement via experimental therapeutics. Comorbidity between ASD and anxiety and/or mood problems is common. Although there is evidence for the use of CBT for anxiety, little work has addressed how to effectively treat depression. There is emerging support for alternative treatment approaches, such as mindfulness-based interventions. We encourage rigorous, collaborative approaches to identify and manipulate putative mechanisms of change.

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“…Discrepancies between self-report and caregiver report could provide important insights into individual experiences and may even serve as a red flag for concerns considering the possible relationship between features of depression and camouflaging. 48 Previous studies have also demonstrated a relationship between depressive features and self-reported IS behaviors on the RBS-R, 49 further highlighting the significance of assessing RRBs using self-report.…”

Section: Rrbs In Adults 55mentioning

confidence: 93%

Measurement of Subcategories of Repetitive Behaviors in Autistic Adolescents and Adults

McDermott

Farmer

Gotham

et al. 2020

Autism in Adulthood

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Background: Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are core features of autism. Factor-analytic studies composed primarily of children have provided evidence for two domains of RRBs: Repetitive Sensory Motor (RSM) and Insistence on Sameness (IS) behaviors. The present study explores the validity of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) for assessing these RRB subtypes in autistic adolescents and adults. Methods: The sample included 293 participants (M age = 19.89 years, SD age = 4.88 years) whose RRBs were assessed via ADI-R, RBS-R Caregiver Report or RBS-R Self-Report. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the validity of the two-factor structure for each instrument. Cronbach's alpha was computed to assess subscale reliability. Correlations were examined between instrument subscales and nonverbal intelligence quotient (NVIQ) and age. Results: Exploratory correlations were modest and provided weak evidence in favor of the utility of a CFA for the ADI-R. The RBS-R Caregiver and Self-Report CFA and internal consistencies supported the two-factor RSM and IS model tested. Consistent with previous literature, NVIQ was negatively correlated with the RBS-R Caregiver RSM subscale, but not meaningfully associated with IS. Neither RBS-R Self-Report subscale was meaningfully correlated with NVIQ. Across instruments, RSM subscales were correlated, but associations between IS were minimal. Conclusions: The present study provides initial support for the use of the RBS-R Caregiver and Self-Report to measure dimensions of RSM and IS behaviors in autistic adolescents and adults. The present data did not support the use of the ADI-R to assess these RRB subtypes in older individuals. Conclusions must be interpreted cautiously in light of the present study's sample limitations. Additional research is needed to understand differences in caregiver-reported and self-reported RRBs. Further research on RRBs in autistic adolescents and adults, particularly in samples with more gender and racial/ethnic diversity, is critical to inform community understanding and knowledge of autism in adulthood.What was the purpose of this study?The purpose of this study was to determine if the ADI-R and RBS-R are appropriate to assess RRBs in autistic adults. Since RRBs are broad, we focused on how well these instruments measure two categories of RRBs: Repetitive Sensory Motor (RSM) and Insistence on Sameness (IS) behaviors. RSM includes behaviors such as hand flapping and lining up objects. IS includes behaviors such as negative responses to change and adherence to specific routines. Research supports the ADI-R and RBS-R for assessing these categories in children; however, little is known about their use in older samples. This study aimed to address this research gap.What did the researchers do?We used existing data from autistic adolescent and adults assessed using ADI-R, RBS-R Caregiver, or RBS-R Self-Report. We assessed the relationships between items on each instrume...

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Adults with Autism and Adults with Depression Show Similar Attentional Biases to Social-Affective Images

Cited by 24 publications

References 67 publications

Measuring Depression in Autistic Adults: Psychometric Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory–II

Measuring Depression in Autistic Adults: Psychometric Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory–II

Psychosocial Treatments Targeting Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents and Adults on the Autism Spectrum: Review of the Latest Research and Recommended Future Directions

Measurement of Subcategories of Repetitive Behaviors in Autistic Adolescents and Adults

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