Advance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Chronic End-Stage Liver Disease Control

Abstract

The chronic liver diseases will slowly develop into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer if no proper control is performed with high efficiency. Up to now, the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases is liver transplantation. However, liver transplantation has the problems of donor deficiency, low matching rate, surgical complications, high cost, and immune rejection. These problems indicate that novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are somatic stem cells with multidirectional differentiation potential and self-renewal ability. MSCs can secrete a large number of cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory molecules, and hepatotrophic factors, as well as produce extracellular vesicles. They alleviate liver diseases by differentiating to hepatocyte-like cells, immunomodulation, homing to the injured site, regulating cell ferroptosis, regulating cell autophagy, paracrine effects, and MSC-mitochondrial transfer. In this review, we focus on the main resources of MSCs, underlying therapeutic mechanisms, clinical applications, and efforts made to improve MSC-based cell therapy efficiency.

Curcumin Nanofiber PCL/PLGA/Collagen Enhanced the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Liver Fibrosis in Animal Model and Prevented its Recurrence

“…In the current study, we like to assess if curcumin preconditioning of MSCs can maintain this ameliorative effect and protect against return of the fibrosis which actually represent a critical challenge in use MSCs in therapy and still there is a controversy about the long term efficacy of stem cells, there many preclinical and clinical studies prove the reduction of liver fibrosis by MSCs injection [24][25][26] but maintaining its effect were achieved after many times of cell injection up to 9 injections in one experiment [27] and partially achieved in another studies [28][29] and not achieved at all in others [30][31]. So, we investigated the fibrosis degree on 12 th week and 24 th week of cell infusion and we found that no significant difference compared to that at 4 th week in cur + /nanoscaffold and this indicates that curcumin preconditioning of MSCs maintained the ameliorative effect of the primed MSCs and protected against the return of fibrosis compared to cur -/nanoscaffold which showed a return of fibrosis from 6.5% to 10.4% .…”

MSC microvesicles loaded G-quadruplex-enhanced circular single-stranded DNA-9 inhibits tumor growth by targeting MDSCs

“…Extracellular vesicles are prepared by subjecting MSCs to serial extrusion through filters with diminishing pore sizes. MSCs have immunomodulatory potential and low immunogenicity [18,19]. Both MSCs and MDSCs are closely related to immune function, within which there may be a natural targeting between them.…”

Recent advances in the immunomodulation mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in liver diseases

“…Chronic liver diseases slowly develop into end‐stage liver diseases if not controlled properly and promptly. Currently, the most effective treatment for end‐stage liver diseases is liver transplantation 1 . However, alternative treatment strategies are needed as insufficient donor sources, post‐transplant rejection, and high treatment costs limit the applicability of liver transplantation.…”

“…Approximately 2 million people die every year from liver diseases worldwide, accounting for 3.5% of all deaths. 1 Chronic liver diseases slowly develop into end-stage liver diseases if not controlled properly and promptly. Currently, the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases is liver transplantation.…”

“…Currently, the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases is liver transplantation. 1 However, alternative treatment strategies are needed as insufficient donor sources, post-transplant rejection, and high treatment costs limit the applicability of liver transplantation. Primary hepatocyte transplantation can be used as an alternative to liver transplantation; nevertheless, its use is restricted by the availability of donor cells and their limited proliferative potential in vitro.…”