Advanced analytical methods and sample preparation for ion chromatography techniques

Liu, Jingmin; Liu, Cuicui; Fang, Guozhen; Wang, Shuo

doi:10.1039/c5ra10348g

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(281 reference statements)

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“…For this purpose, ion chromatography has become the method of choice for the determination of cations and anions in various sample matrices. , This powerful and reliable technique has been widely used for the analysis of ions in biological samples, water, oil, and food, particularly at the level of trace concentrations. , …”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Barium Sulfate Solubility in Aqueous Solutions Containing Chlorides or Nitrates

Shi

Corrêa

Thomsen

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Electrolyte fluids produced during operation in geothermal wells and in natural gas or oil reservoirs involve temperature and composition variations. Crystallization fouling (or scaling) on the surface of industrial equipment happens due to these changes in the thermodynamic state. For this purpose, an experimental apparatus was designed and built to measure the solubility of sparingly soluble salts below the boiling point of water at ambient pressure. This work sheds light on the equilibrium properties of aqueous solutions containing barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) by reporting its 195 measurements of solubility in a wide range of temperatures and ionic strengths at ambient pressure, of which 143 new solubilities were determined. The equilibrium solubility of BaSO 4 was measured and discussed in pure water or in solutions containing chlorides MCl (M = Na, Mg, K, Ca) or nitrates MNO 3 (M = Na, K) at three temperatures (298.1, 323.1 and 368.1 K) at electrolyte molalities of up to 2 mol/kg water. The experimental solubility results of BaSO 4 were compared with those reported in the literature for an electrolyte solution under the same conditions. The extended UNIQUAC model of Thomsen and Rasmussen was used as a reference to the experimental results of BaSO 4 solubility. The experimental results indicated that generally the solubility of BaSO 4 increases as a function of temperature until it reaches a maximum at around 373.1 K. It has been discovered that the addition of another electrolyte to the system can cause BaSO 4 solubility to increase. A few exceptions are observed: KCl and CaCl 2 beyond a certain value at 298.1 and 323.1 K cause BaSO 4 solubility to decrease. Nitrate salts have a higher impact on solubility compared to chloride salts. The effect seems to be related to the anion. The cation has slightly less impact on solubility. The results presented in this work can facilitate better performance of thermodynamic models, further enabling safe operation and cost reduction for future sustainable energy production.

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Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Barium Sulfate Solubility in Aqueous Solutions Containing Chlorides or Nitrates

Shi

Corrêa

Thomsen

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The content of organic acids in the samples was determined using the ion chromatography method . Chromatographic separations and analyses were accomplished by using an ICS-6000 instrument (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) composed with an EGC-KOH eluent generator system, DS-6 conductivity detector, IonPac AS18 analytical column (4 × 250 mm), and IonPac AG18 guard column (4 × 50 mm).…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungicidal Effect of Pyraclostrobin against Botrytis cinerea in Relation to Its Crystal Structure

Xiong

et al. 2020

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Pyraclostrobin (PYR) is a commonly used strobilurin fungicide, which inhibits mitochondrial respiration at the ubiquinol oxidation center site of the cytochrome bc1 complex. Little information is available regarding the crystal structure of PYR on its fungicidal effect. In this study, the crystal structures of eight PYRs (PYR-A to H) from different sources are determined by using high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and model construction with the Pawley refinement module. The effects of PYRs on mycelium growth, the kinetics of mycelial growth, conidial germination, and tube elongation of conidia of Botrytis cinerea from tomato are compared. The level of organic acids in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle of PYR-treated B. cinerea is analyzed. The results show that PYR-A to PYR-H have their own unique character of XRPD patterns, but the crystal morphology of eight PYRs presents in the triclinic crystal system and space group P1̅ . PYR-D with the eclipsed conformation and rational edge angles α (72.599°) and β (98.612°) in the crystal cell shows the highest inhibitory effect against mycelium growth with EC 50 as 3.383 μg mL −1 , the best time-dependent effects on the mycelium growth kinetics, and the strongest inhibition on tube elongation of conidia, whereas PYR-E with anticonformation is the worst. Moreover, a significant accumulation of fumarate, malate, and oxalate in the PYR-D-treated mycelium is observed. These findings reinforce the need for a definite crystal structure of PYR to limit usage and mitigate future selection pressure for gray mold management.

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“…An EME-IC system for the analysis of inorganic anions was presented [106]. Another option is the use of 2D-IC techniques [107] (see also section 2D applications), as applied, e.g., for the analysis of bromate, chlorate, and five haloacetic acids in water [108]. Similar trends as in LC towards higher pressure and smaller particle sizes (see above) can be expected for IC to reach higher separation efficiencies and lower detection limits.…”

Section: Ion Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in sample preparation and separation methods for the analysis of very polar and ionic compounds in environmental water and biota samples

2020

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Recent years showed a boost in knowledge about the presence and fate of micropollutants in the environment. Instrumental and methodological developments mainly in liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry hold a large share in this success story. These techniques soon complemented gas chromatography and enabled the analysis of more polar compounds including pesticides but also household chemicals, food additives, and pharmaceuticals often present as traces in surface waters. In parallel, sample preparation techniques evolved to extract and enrich these compounds from biota and water samples. This review article looks at very polar and ionic compounds using the criterion log P ≤ 1. Considering about 240 compounds, we show that (simulated) log D values are often even lower than the corresponding log P values due to ionization of the compounds at our reference pH of 7.4. High polarity and charge are still challenging characteristics in the analysis of micropollutants and these compounds are hardly covered in current monitoring strategies of water samples. The situation is even more challenging in biota analysis given the large number of matrix constituents with similar properties. Currently, a large number of sample preparation and separation approaches are developed to meet the challenges of the analysis of very polar and ionic compounds. In addition to reviewing them, we discuss some trends: for sample preparation, preconcentration and purification efforts by SPE will continue, possibly using upcoming mixed-mode stationary phases and mixed beds in order to increase comprehensiveness in monitoring applications. For biota analysis, miniaturization and parallelization are aspects of future research. For ionic or ionizable compounds, we see electromembrane extraction as a method of choice with a high potential to increase throughput by automation. For separation, predominantly coupled to mass spectrometry, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography applications will increase as the polarity range ideally complements reversed phase liquid chromatography, and instrumentation and expertise are available in most laboratories. Two-dimensional applications have not yet reached maturity in liquid-phase separations to be applied in higher throughput. Possibly, the development and commercial availability of mixed-mode stationary phases make 2D applications obsolete in semi-targeted applications. An interesting alternative will enter routine analysis soon: supercritical fluid chromatography demonstrated an impressive analyte coverage but also the possibility to tailor selectivity for targeted approaches. For ionic and ionizable micropollutants, ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis are amenable but may be used only for specialized applications such as the analysis of halogenated acids when aspects like desalting and preconcentration are solved and the key advantages are fully elaborated by further research.

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Advanced analytical methods and sample preparation for ion chromatography techniques

Abstract: The recently developed advanced ion chromatography techniques and the various sample preparation methods have been summarized in this mini-review.

Cited by 21 publications

References 146 publications

Barium Sulfate Solubility in Aqueous Solutions Containing Chlorides or Nitrates

Barium Sulfate Solubility in Aqueous Solutions Containing Chlorides or Nitrates

Fungicidal Effect of Pyraclostrobin against Botrytis cinerea in Relation to Its Crystal Structure

Trends in sample preparation and separation methods for the analysis of very polar and ionic compounds in environmental water and biota samples

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